name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Comoros

country_id: KM


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Costa Rica

country_id: CR

ns: wb

description: Secondary income refers to transfers recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

key: id

type: original

key: IndicatorName

key: Longdefinition

key: Periodicity

value: Annual

key: Source

value: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.

key: Topic

value: Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Transfers

key: Aggregationmethod

value: Sum

value: CC BY-4.0

key: Generalcomments

value: Note: Data are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6) and are only available from 2005 onwards.

value: Current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$)

value: Current transfers (receipts) are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

key: Shortdefinition

ftype: VARCHAR

description: A unique identifier for the indicator being reported.

description: The name or title of the indicator providing a human-readable label.

description: A unique identifier code for the country associated with the indicator.

description: The full name of the country relevant to the indicator data.

sem_type: encountryname

description: The ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code—a three-letter country code standard—for the country.

date

description: The date or year the indicator measurement or observation pertains to.

sem_type: year

value

description: The numerical or measured value of the indicator for the given country and date.

unit

description: The unit of measurement in which the indicator value is expressed.

description: The observation status indicating any special conditions or qualifiers about the data value.

decimal

ftype: BIGINT

description: The number of decimal places to which the indicator value is reported or rounded.

schema: wb


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Equatorial Guinea

country_id: GQ

value: Secondary income refers to transfers recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Eswatini

country_id: SZ


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Japan

country_id: JP


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Korea, Rep.

country_id: KR


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Kosovo

country_id: XK


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Latvia

country_id: LV


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Maldives

country_id: MV


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mexico

country_id: MX


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Monaco

country_id: MC


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Morocco

country_id: MA


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mozambique

country_id: MZ


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Norway

country_id: NO


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Palau

country_id: PW


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Qatar

country_id: QA


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Spain

country_id: ES


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sri Lanka

country_id: LK


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Tanzania

country_id: TZ


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Timor-Leste

country_id: TL


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Trinidad and Tobago

country_id: TT


name: Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$) - Viet Nam

country_id: VN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Angola

country_id: AGO

description:
Migrants’ remittances are defined as the sum of worker’s remittances,
 compensation of employees, and migrants’ transfers as recorded in the IMF Balance of Payments.   Workers remittances are current transfers by migrant who are considered residents in the

key: Limitationsandexceptions

value: Remittances flows and the stock of migrants may be underestimated due to the use of informal remittance channels, irregular migration and ambiguity in the definition of migrants (foreign born versus foreigners, seasonal versus permanent).  Note the pitfal

value: World Bank staff estimates based on the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook 2008.

value:
Migrants’ remittances are defined as the sum of worker’s remittances,
 compensation of employees, and migrants’ transfers as recorded in the IMF Balance of Payments.  Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: For a discussion of the definition of remittances, see Dilip Ratha, 2003, "Workers' Remittances: An Important and Stable Source of External Development


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Benin

country_id: BEN

value:
Migrants’ remittances are defined as the sum of worker’s remittances,
 compensation of employees, and migrants’ transfers as recorded in the IMF Balance of Payments.   Workers remittances are current transfers by migrant who are considered residents in the


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Congo, Dem. Rep.

country_id: COD


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Eritrea

country_id: ERI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Kenya

country_id: KEN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Mozambique

country_id: MOZ


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - North Africa

country_id: NAF


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Rwanda

country_id: RWA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)

country_id: SSA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Sudan

country_id: SDN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Djibouti

country_id: DJI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Ghana

country_id: GHA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Niger

country_id: NER


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Nigeria

country_id: NGA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - South Sudan

country_id: SSD


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Egypt, Arab Rep.

country_id: EGY


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Equatorial Guinea

country_id: GNQ


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Gabon

country_id: GAB


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Guinea-Bissau

country_id: GNB


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Liberia

country_id: LBR


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Mauritania

country_id: MRT


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Seychelles

country_id: SYC


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - South Africa

country_id: ZAF


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Tunisia

country_id: TUN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Comoros

country_id: COM


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Madagascar

country_id: MDG


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Mauritius

country_id: MUS


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Morocco

country_id: MAR


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Namibia

country_id: NAM


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Sierra Leone

country_id: SLE


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria

country_id: XZN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Swaziland

country_id: SWZ


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Togo

country_id: TGO


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Algeria

country_id: DZA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Botswana

country_id: BWA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Cape Verde

country_id: CPV


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Central African Republic

country_id: CAF


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Libya

country_id: LBY


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Africa

country_id: AFR


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Burkina Faso

country_id: BFA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Burundi

country_id: BDI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Mali

country_id: MLI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Sao Tome and Principe

country_id: STP


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Uganda

country_id: UGA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Cameroon

country_id: CMR


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Congo, Rep.

country_id: COG


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Guinea

country_id: GIN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Lesotho

country_id: LSO


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)

country_id: SSF


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Zambia

country_id: ZMB


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Zimbabwe

country_id: ZWE


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Chad

country_id: TCD


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Cote d'Ivoire

country_id: CIV


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Ethiopia

country_id: ETH


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Gambia, The

country_id: GMB


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Malawi

country_id: MWI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Senegal

country_id: SEN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Somalia

country_id: SOM


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa

country_id: SXZ


name: Migrant remittance inflows (current US$) - Tanzania

country_id: TZA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Africa

country_id: AFR

value: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP)

value:
Migrants’ remittances are defined as the sum of worker’s remittances,
 compensation of employees, and migrants’ transfers as recorded in the IMF Balance of Payments.  Sum of remittances divided by sum of GDP when remittances data are available.


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Cape Verde

country_id: CPV


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Central African Republic

country_id: CAF


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Egypt, Arab Rep.

country_id: EGY


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Guinea-Bissau

country_id: GNB


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - North Africa

country_id: NAF


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Ethiopia


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Kenya

country_id: KEN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Lesotho

country_id: LSO


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Liberia

country_id: LBR


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Malawi


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Nigeria

country_id: NGA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Sierra Leone

country_id: SLE


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - South Africa

country_id: ZAF


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria

country_id: XZN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Sudan

country_id: SDN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Tanzania


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Uganda

country_id: UGA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Mauritania

country_id: MRT


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Morocco

country_id: MAR


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Namibia

country_id: NAM


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Seychelles

country_id: SYC


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - South Sudan

country_id: SSD


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Algeria

country_id: DZA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Burundi

country_id: BDI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Equatorial Guinea

country_id: GNQ


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Madagascar

country_id: MDG


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Somalia

country_id: SOM


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)

country_id: SSF


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Benin

country_id: BEN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Cameroon

country_id: CMR


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Congo, Dem. Rep.

country_id: COD


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Djibouti

country_id: DJI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Eritrea

country_id: ERI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Gabon

country_id: GAB


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Swaziland

country_id: SWZ


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Togo

country_id: TGO


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Tunisia

country_id: TUN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Zambia

country_id: ZMB


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Botswana

country_id: BWA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Comoros

country_id: COM


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Cote d'Ivoire

country_id: CIV


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Gambia, The

country_id: GMB


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Mozambique

country_id: MOZ


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Rwanda

country_id: RWA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Zimbabwe

country_id: ZWE


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Burkina Faso

country_id: BFA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Chad

country_id: TCD


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Ghana

country_id: GHA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Guinea

country_id: GIN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Mauritius

country_id: MUS


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Niger

country_id: NER


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Senegal

country_id: SEN


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)

country_id: SSA


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Angola

country_id: AGO


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Congo, Rep.

country_id: COG


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Libya

country_id: LBY


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Mali

country_id: MLI


name: Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP) - Sao Tome and Principe

country_id: STP


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Gambia, The

country_id: GMB

value: Current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Secondary income, general government, receipts (BoP, current US$)


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Lesotho

country_id: LSO

value: Annual

value: International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Senegal

value: Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Transfers

value: Sum


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Swaziland

country_id: SWZ

value: CC BY-4.0

value: Note: Data are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6) and are only available from 2005 onwards.


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Zimbabwe

country_id: ZWE


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Botswana

country_id: BWA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Burkina Faso

country_id: BFA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Congo, Dem. Rep.

country_id: COD


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Ethiopia

country_id: ETH


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Guinea

country_id: GIN


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Kenya

country_id: KEN


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Madagascar

country_id: MDG


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sierra Leone

country_id: SLE


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)

country_id: SSA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Tunisia

country_id: TUN


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Congo, Rep.

country_id: COG


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Malawi

country_id: MWI


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mali

country_id: MLI


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria

country_id: XZN


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Cape Verde

country_id: CPV


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Cote d'Ivoire

country_id: CIV


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Egypt, Arab Rep.

country_id: EGY


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Guinea-Bissau

country_id: GNB


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Niger

country_id: NER


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - North Africa

country_id: NAF


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sao Tome and Principe

country_id: STP


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Seychelles

country_id: SYC


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)

country_id: SSF


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Algeria

country_id: DZA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Burundi

country_id: BDI


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Eritrea

country_id: ERI


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Ghana

country_id: GHA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Zambia

country_id: ZMB


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Africa

country_id: AFR


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Angola

country_id: AGO


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Chad

country_id: TCD


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Djibouti

country_id: DJI


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mauritius

country_id: MUS


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Morocco

country_id: MAR


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Namibia

country_id: NAM


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Rwanda

country_id: RWA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Tanzania

country_id: TZA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Benin

country_id: BEN


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Comoros

country_id: COM


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Liberia

country_id: LBR


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mozambique

country_id: MOZ


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Somalia

country_id: SOM


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sudan

country_id: SDN


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Uganda

country_id: UGA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Cameroon

country_id: CMR


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Central African Republic

country_id: CAF


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Equatorial Guinea

country_id: GNQ


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Gabon

country_id: GAB


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Libya

country_id: LBY


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mauritania

country_id: MRT


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Nigeria

country_id: NGA


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - South Africa

country_id: ZAF


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - South Sudan

country_id: SSD


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa

country_id: SXZ


name: Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Togo

country_id: TGO


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Algeria

country_id: DZA

description: Current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars

value: World Bank country economists.


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Central African Republic

value: Current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Egypt, Arab Rep.

country_id: EGY


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Guinea-Bissau

country_id: GNB


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Malawi

country_id: MWI


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Sudan

country_id: SDN


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Zambia

country_id: ZMB


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Cameroon

country_id: CMR


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Eritrea

country_id: ERI


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Guinea

country_id: GIN


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Madagascar

country_id: MDG


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Mozambique

country_id: MOZ


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Niger

country_id: NER


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Rwanda

country_id: RWA


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Somalia

country_id: SOM


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Tanzania

country_id: TZA


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Togo


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Botswana

country_id: BWA


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Cape Verde

country_id: CPV


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - North Africa

country_id: NAF


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Seychelles

country_id: SYC


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)

country_id: SSA


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria

country_id: XZN


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Comoros

country_id: COM


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Congo, Rep.

country_id: COG


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Ghana

country_id: GHA


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Kenya

country_id: KEN


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Lesotho

country_id: LSO


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Mauritius

country_id: MUS


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)

country_id: SSF


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Uganda

country_id: UGA


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Africa

country_id: AFR


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Benin

country_id: BEN


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Burundi

country_id: BDI


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Liberia

country_id: LBR


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Burkina Faso

country_id: BFA


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Congo, Dem. Rep.

country_id: COD


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Ethiopia

country_id: ETH


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Gabon

country_id: GAB


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Mauritania

country_id: MRT


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Morocco

country_id: MAR


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Sao Tome and Principe

country_id: STP


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Senegal

country_id: SEN


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa

country_id: SXZ


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Zimbabwe

country_id: ZWE


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Angola

country_id: AGO


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Chad

country_id: TCD


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Equatorial Guinea

country_id: GNQ


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Gambia, The

country_id: GMB


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Namibia

country_id: NAM


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Nigeria

country_id: NGA


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Sierra Leone

country_id: SLE


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Swaziland

country_id: SWZ


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Cote d'Ivoire

country_id: CIV


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Djibouti

country_id: DJI


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Libya

country_id: LBY


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Mali

country_id: MLI


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - South Africa

country_id: ZAF


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - South Sudan

country_id: SSD


name: Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$) - Tunisia

country_id: TUN


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Burkina Faso

country_id: BFA

description: Current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Comoros

country_id: COM


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Eritrea

country_id: ERI


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Gabon

country_id: GAB


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Gambia, The


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Guinea-Bissau

country_id: GNB


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Malawi

country_id: MWI


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sao Tome and Principe

country_id: STP


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Algeria

country_id: DZA


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Congo, Rep.

country_id: COG


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Equatorial Guinea

country_id: GNQ


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Guinea

country_id: GIN


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Lesotho

country_id: LSO


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Libya

country_id: LBY


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mali

country_id: MLI


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Namibia

country_id: NAM


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Niger

country_id: NER


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sierra Leone

country_id: SLE


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa

country_id: SXZ


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Tanzania

country_id: TZA


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Togo

country_id: TGO


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Zambia

country_id: ZMB


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Angola

country_id: AGO


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Cameroon

country_id: CMR


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Ethiopia

country_id: ETH


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Liberia

country_id: LBR


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mozambique

country_id: MOZ


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Nigeria

country_id: NGA


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - North Africa

country_id: NAF


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - South Africa

country_id: ZAF


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Swaziland

country_id: SWZ


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Congo, Dem. Rep.

country_id: COD


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mauritania

country_id: MRT


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Morocco

country_id: MAR


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa (all income levels)

country_id: SSF


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa (developing only)

country_id: SSA


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Burundi

country_id: BDI


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Chad

country_id: TCD


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Djibouti

country_id: DJI


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Kenya

country_id: KEN


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Rwanda

country_id: RWA


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Zimbabwe

country_id: ZWE


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Central African Republic

country_id: CAF


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Madagascar

country_id: MDG


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Mauritius

country_id: MUS


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Somalia

country_id: SOM


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sudan

country_id: SDN


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Tunisia

country_id: TUN


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Benin

country_id: BEN


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Botswana

country_id: BWA


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Cape Verde

country_id: CPV


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Cote d'Ivoire

country_id: CIV


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Ghana

country_id: GHA


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Seychelles

country_id: SYC


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - South Sudan

country_id: SSD


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Sub-Saharan Africa excluding South Africa and Nigeria

country_id: XZN


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Uganda

country_id: UGA


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Africa

country_id: AFR


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Egypt, Arab Rep.

country_id: EGY


name: Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$) - Senegal

country_id: SEN


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Euro area

country_id: XC

description: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual(BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

key: Developmentrelevance

value:
Movement of people, most often through migration, is a significant part of global integration. Migrants contribute to the economies of both their host country and their country of origin. Yet reliable statistics on migration are difficult to collect and are often incomplete, making international comparisons a challenge.

In most developed countries, refugees are admitted for resettlement and are routinely included in population counts by censuses or population registers. Globally, the number of refugees at end 2010 was 10.55 million, including 597,300 people considered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to be in a refugee-like situation; developing countries hosted 8.5 million refugees, or 80 percent of the global refugee population.

Global migration patterns have become increasingly complex in modern times, involving not just refugees, but also millions of economic migrants. But refugees and migrants, even if they often travel in the same way, are fundamentally different, and for that reason are treated very differently under modern international law. Migrants, especially economic migrants, choose to move in order to improve the future prospects of themselves and their families. Refugees have to move if they are to save their lives or preserve their freedom. They have no protection from their own state - indeed it is often their own government that is threatening to persecute them. If other countries do not let them in, and do not help them once they are in, then they may be condemning them to death - or to an intolerable life in the shadows, without sustenance and without rights.

value:
Remittance transactions have grown in importance over the past decade. In a number of developing economies, receipts of remittances have become an important and stable source of funds that exceeds receipts from exports of goods and services or from financial inflows on foreign direct investment. But the quality of statistical remittance data is not high. Remittances are a challenge to measure because of their nature. They are heterogeneous with numerous small transactions conducted by individuals through a wide variety of channels: formal channels, such as electronic wire, or through informal channels, such as cash or goods carried across borders. The large number of remittance transactions and the multitude of channels pose challenges to the compilation of comprehensive statistics. The small size of individual transactions means that they often go undetected by typical data source systems, although the aggregate level of transactions may be substantial.

Because of difficulties in obtaining data on informal remittance transactions, the remittance transactions undertaken through informal channels are sometimes not well covered in current balance of payments data. As a result, even though direct measurement of remittances - through transactions reporting or surveys - may be considered preferable if feasible, some countries instead combine different sources and estimation methods to achieve better coverage, by using direct measurements where practical and supplemented estimates where they are not. Model-based approaches are used in some countries as they are flexible. Compilers can design models to fill gaps in data sources or to provide global totals.

However, only reliable input data can lead to sound estimates, regardless of the sophistication of an estimation method or econometric model. Indirect data are converted to remittance estimates using a set of assumptions. These assumptions should be plausible, but it is often not possible to test or verify these assumptions and also the results in practice.

value: Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

key: Statisticalconceptandmethodology

value:
The two main components of personal remittances, "personal transfers" and "compensation of employees", are items in the balance of payments (BPM6) framework. Both of these standard components are recorded in the current account.
"Personal transfers", a new item in the Balance of Payments (BPM6) represents a broader definition of worker remittances. Personal transfers include all current transfers in cash or in kind between resident and nonresident individuals, independent of the source of income of the sender (irrespective of whether the sender receives income from labor, entrepreneurial or property income, social benefits, and any other types of transfers; or disposes assets) and the relationship between the households (irrespective of whether they are related or unrelated individuals).

Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Compensation of employees represents remuneration in return for the labor input to the production process contributed by an individual in an employer-employee relationship with the enterprise. Compensation of employees is recorded gross and includes amounts paid by the employee as taxes or for other purposes in the economy where the work is performed. Compensation of employees has three main components: wages and salaries in cash, wages and salaries in kind, and employers' social contributions.

key: Othernotes

value:
Basis and definition: The data on remittance flows are based on officially reported data in the IMF Balance of Payments. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Remittances are defined as the sum of two components: (a) “personal transfers” recorded under the “secondary income” category of the current account; (b) “compensation of employees,” which includes wages, salaries, and other benefits of border, seasonal, and any other nonresident workers (such as local staff of embassies) and which are recorded under the “primary income” category of the current account.

Remittances are known to be underestimated significantly in the balance of payments statistics of the IMF. There are a couple of reasons that officially reported data on remittance might not correctly capture the full extent of money transfer activities. First, the above definition does not include transfers through informal channels—such as hand-carries by friends or family, or in-kind remittances of jewelry, clothes, and other consumer goods, or through hawala. These are believed to be significant portions of total remittances in many countries. If and when they are recorded, it is not clear to what extent they reflect actual transfers rather than imports. Second, in many countries, nonresident deposits, although classified under the capital account, may in part reflect workers’ remittances. For example, the nonresidential rupee deposits in India are most likely remittances disguised as deposits—upon maturity, they do not return to the nonresident depositor because the rupee is not convertible into hard currency.

Caveats: There are several caveats relating to some adjustments made to the remittance data presented here. The caveats attached to our remittance data are:

(a) For some countries, data on remittance has been missing over several years. Missing value can significantly affect the result of data analysis of our time series data; thus, we use the Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) and Next Observation Carried Backward (NOCB) methods. These methods replace missing values either with the immediately preceding observed value or the subsequent observed value. These are potentially useful for time series data but may introduce bias if the data isn’t stationary.

(b) For several countries, including China, Portugal, Spain, and Vietnam, the ratio of personal transfers to the current transfer total under the secondary income has been used in the past to estimate personal transfer data since disaggregated current transfer data is unavailable. However, only what’s presented in the IMF BOP will be used (along with historical data).

(c) For Israel and Zimbabwe, the IMF’s BOP data is complemented with the central bank data. For Israel, personal transfer data from the central bank are being used due to their absence in the IMF’s BOP presentation. For Zimbabwe, remittance data have not been reported in the IMF’s BOP since 2020; thus, central bank data are being used from 2021 onwards.

(d) For the current year estimates of remittance flows, high-frequency data from central banks are being used to fill gaps in data. A few dozen central banks report monthly remittance data, mostly consistent with BOP-reported data. The list includes Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Rep., El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Kenya, Kyrgyz Republic, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Pakistan, the Philippines, Serbia, Sri Lanka, and Ukraine.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: Personal transfers and compensation of employees, received (current US$)

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data. Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

key: Dataset

value: International Debt Statistics

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees, received (current US$)

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers resident in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status, to recipients in their country of origin. Migrants' transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Lower middle income

country_id: XN

value: Annual

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data.

value: Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Transfers

value: Sum

value: CC BY-4.0

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual(BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Middle income

country_id: XP

value:
Movement of people, most often through migration, is a significant part of global integration. Migrants contribute to the economies of both their host country and their country of origin. Yet reliable statistics on migration are difficult to collect and are often incomplete, making international comparisons a challenge.

In most developed countries, refugees are admitted for resettlement and are routinely included in population counts by censuses or population registers. Globally, the number of refugees at end 2010 was 10.55 million, including 597,300 people considered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to be in a refugee-like situation; developing countries hosted 8.5 million refugees, or 80 percent of the global refugee population.

Global migration patterns have become increasingly complex in modern times, involving not just refugees, but also millions of economic migrants. But refugees and migrants, even if they often travel in the same way, are fundamentally different, and for that reason are treated very differently under modern international law. Migrants, especially economic migrants, choose to move in order to improve the future prospects of themselves and their families. Refugees have to move if they are to save their lives or preserve their freedom. They have no protection from their own state - indeed it is often their own government that is threatening to persecute them. If other countries do not let them in, and do not help them once they are in, then they may be condemning them to death - or to an intolerable life in the shadows, without sustenance and without rights.

value:
Remittance transactions have grown in importance over the past decade. In a number of developing economies, receipts of remittances have become an important and stable source of funds that exceeds receipts from exports of goods and services or from financial inflows on foreign direct investment. But the quality of statistical remittance data is not high. Remittances are a challenge to measure because of their nature. They are heterogeneous with numerous small transactions conducted by individuals through a wide variety of channels: formal channels, such as electronic wire, or through informal channels, such as cash or goods carried across borders. The large number of remittance transactions and the multitude of channels pose challenges to the compilation of comprehensive statistics. The small size of individual transactions means that they often go undetected by typical data source systems, although the aggregate level of transactions may be substantial.

Because of difficulties in obtaining data on informal remittance transactions, the remittance transactions undertaken through informal channels are sometimes not well covered in current balance of payments data. As a result, even though direct measurement of remittances - through transactions reporting or surveys - may be considered preferable if feasible, some countries instead combine different sources and estimation methods to achieve better coverage, by using direct measurements where practical and supplemented estimates where they are not. Model-based approaches are used in some countries as they are flexible. Compilers can design models to fill gaps in data sources or to provide global totals.

However, only reliable input data can lead to sound estimates, regardless of the sophistication of an estimation method or econometric model. Indirect data are converted to remittance estimates using a set of assumptions. These assumptions should be plausible, but it is often not possible to test or verify these assumptions and also the results in practice.

value: Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value:
The two main components of personal remittances, "personal transfers" and "compensation of employees", are items in the balance of payments (BPM6) framework. Both of these standard components are recorded in the current account.
"Personal transfers", a new item in the Balance of Payments (BPM6) represents a broader definition of worker remittances. Personal transfers include all current transfers in cash or in kind between resident and nonresident individuals, independent of the source of income of the sender (irrespective of whether the sender receives income from labor, entrepreneurial or property income, social benefits, and any other types of transfers; or disposes assets) and the relationship between the households (irrespective of whether they are related or unrelated individuals).

Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Compensation of employees represents remuneration in return for the labor input to the production process contributed by an individual in an employer-employee relationship with the enterprise. Compensation of employees is recorded gross and includes amounts paid by the employee as taxes or for other purposes in the economy where the work is performed. Compensation of employees has three main components: wages and salaries in cash, wages and salaries in kind, and employers' social contributions.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Barbados

country_id: BB

value:
Basis and definition: The data on remittance flows are based on officially reported data in the IMF Balance of Payments. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Remittances are defined as the sum of two components: (a) “personal transfers” recorded under the “secondary income” category of the current account; (b) “compensation of employees,” which includes wages, salaries, and other benefits of border, seasonal, and any other nonresident workers (such as local staff of embassies) and which are recorded under the “primary income” category of the current account.

Remittances are known to be underestimated significantly in the balance of payments statistics of the IMF. There are a couple of reasons that officially reported data on remittance might not correctly capture the full extent of money transfer activities. First, the above definition does not include transfers through informal channels—such as hand-carries by friends or family, or in-kind remittances of jewelry, clothes, and other consumer goods, or through hawala. These are believed to be significant portions of total remittances in many countries. If and when they are recorded, it is not clear to what extent they reflect actual transfers rather than imports. Second, in many countries, nonresident deposits, although classified under the capital account, may in part reflect workers’ remittances. For example, the nonresidential rupee deposits in India are most likely remittances disguised as deposits—upon maturity, they do not return to the nonresident depositor because the rupee is not convertible into hard currency.

Caveats: There are several caveats relating to some adjustments made to the remittance data presented here. The caveats attached to our remittance data are:

(a) For some countries, data on remittance has been missing over several years. Missing value can significantly affect the result of data analysis of our time series data; thus, we use the Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) and Next Observation Carried Backward (NOCB) methods. These methods replace missing values either with the immediately preceding observed value or the subsequent observed value. These are potentially useful for time series data but may introduce bias if the data isn’t stationary.

(b) For several countries, including China, Portugal, Spain, and Vietnam, the ratio of personal transfers to the current transfer total under the secondary income has been used in the past to estimate personal transfer data since disaggregated current transfer data is unavailable. However, only what’s presented in the IMF BOP will be used (along with historical data).

(c) For Israel and Zimbabwe, the IMF’s BOP data is complemented with the central bank data. For Israel, personal transfer data from the central bank are being used due to their absence in the IMF’s BOP presentation. For Zimbabwe, remittance data have not been reported in the IMF’s BOP since 2020; thus, central bank data are being used from 2021 onwards.

(d) For the current year estimates of remittance flows, high-frequency data from central banks are being used to fill gaps in data. A few dozen central banks report monthly remittance data, mostly consistent with BOP-reported data. The list includes Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Rep., El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Kenya, Kyrgyz Republic, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Pakistan, the Philippines, Serbia, Sri Lanka, and Ukraine.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: Personal transfers and compensation of employees, received (current US$)

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data. Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Brazil

country_id: BR

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: International Debt Statistics

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees, received (current US$)


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Brunei Darussalam

country_id: BN

value: Annual

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data.

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers resident in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status, to recipients in their country of origin. Migrants' transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Comoros

country_id: KM

value: Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Transfers

value: Sum

value: CC BY-4.0

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual(BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Dominica

country_id: DM

value:
Movement of people, most often through migration, is a significant part of global integration. Migrants contribute to the economies of both their host country and their country of origin. Yet reliable statistics on migration are difficult to collect and are often incomplete, making international comparisons a challenge.

In most developed countries, refugees are admitted for resettlement and are routinely included in population counts by censuses or population registers. Globally, the number of refugees at end 2010 was 10.55 million, including 597,300 people considered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to be in a refugee-like situation; developing countries hosted 8.5 million refugees, or 80 percent of the global refugee population.

Global migration patterns have become increasingly complex in modern times, involving not just refugees, but also millions of economic migrants. But refugees and migrants, even if they often travel in the same way, are fundamentally different, and for that reason are treated very differently under modern international law. Migrants, especially economic migrants, choose to move in order to improve the future prospects of themselves and their families. Refugees have to move if they are to save their lives or preserve their freedom. They have no protection from their own state - indeed it is often their own government that is threatening to persecute them. If other countries do not let them in, and do not help them once they are in, then they may be condemning them to death - or to an intolerable life in the shadows, without sustenance and without rights.

value:
Remittance transactions have grown in importance over the past decade. In a number of developing economies, receipts of remittances have become an important and stable source of funds that exceeds receipts from exports of goods and services or from financial inflows on foreign direct investment. But the quality of statistical remittance data is not high. Remittances are a challenge to measure because of their nature. They are heterogeneous with numerous small transactions conducted by individuals through a wide variety of channels: formal channels, such as electronic wire, or through informal channels, such as cash or goods carried across borders. The large number of remittance transactions and the multitude of channels pose challenges to the compilation of comprehensive statistics. The small size of individual transactions means that they often go undetected by typical data source systems, although the aggregate level of transactions may be substantial.

Because of difficulties in obtaining data on informal remittance transactions, the remittance transactions undertaken through informal channels are sometimes not well covered in current balance of payments data. As a result, even though direct measurement of remittances - through transactions reporting or surveys - may be considered preferable if feasible, some countries instead combine different sources and estimation methods to achieve better coverage, by using direct measurements where practical and supplemented estimates where they are not. Model-based approaches are used in some countries as they are flexible. Compilers can design models to fill gaps in data sources or to provide global totals.

However, only reliable input data can lead to sound estimates, regardless of the sophistication of an estimation method or econometric model. Indirect data are converted to remittance estimates using a set of assumptions. These assumptions should be plausible, but it is often not possible to test or verify these assumptions and also the results in practice.

value: Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value:
The two main components of personal remittances, "personal transfers" and "compensation of employees", are items in the balance of payments (BPM6) framework. Both of these standard components are recorded in the current account.
"Personal transfers", a new item in the Balance of Payments (BPM6) represents a broader definition of worker remittances. Personal transfers include all current transfers in cash or in kind between resident and nonresident individuals, independent of the source of income of the sender (irrespective of whether the sender receives income from labor, entrepreneurial or property income, social benefits, and any other types of transfers; or disposes assets) and the relationship between the households (irrespective of whether they are related or unrelated individuals).

Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Compensation of employees represents remuneration in return for the labor input to the production process contributed by an individual in an employer-employee relationship with the enterprise. Compensation of employees is recorded gross and includes amounts paid by the employee as taxes or for other purposes in the economy where the work is performed. Compensation of employees has three main components: wages and salaries in cash, wages and salaries in kind, and employers' social contributions.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Ethiopia

country_id: ET

value:
Basis and definition: The data on remittance flows are based on officially reported data in the IMF Balance of Payments. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Remittances are defined as the sum of two components: (a) “personal transfers” recorded under the “secondary income” category of the current account; (b) “compensation of employees,” which includes wages, salaries, and other benefits of border, seasonal, and any other nonresident workers (such as local staff of embassies) and which are recorded under the “primary income” category of the current account.

Remittances are known to be underestimated significantly in the balance of payments statistics of the IMF. There are a couple of reasons that officially reported data on remittance might not correctly capture the full extent of money transfer activities. First, the above definition does not include transfers through informal channels—such as hand-carries by friends or family, or in-kind remittances of jewelry, clothes, and other consumer goods, or through hawala. These are believed to be significant portions of total remittances in many countries. If and when they are recorded, it is not clear to what extent they reflect actual transfers rather than imports. Second, in many countries, nonresident deposits, although classified under the capital account, may in part reflect workers’ remittances. For example, the nonresidential rupee deposits in India are most likely remittances disguised as deposits—upon maturity, they do not return to the nonresident depositor because the rupee is not convertible into hard currency.

Caveats: There are several caveats relating to some adjustments made to the remittance data presented here. The caveats attached to our remittance data are:

(a) For some countries, data on remittance has been missing over several years. Missing value can significantly affect the result of data analysis of our time series data; thus, we use the Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) and Next Observation Carried Backward (NOCB) methods. These methods replace missing values either with the immediately preceding observed value or the subsequent observed value. These are potentially useful for time series data but may introduce bias if the data isn’t stationary.

(b) For several countries, including China, Portugal, Spain, and Vietnam, the ratio of personal transfers to the current transfer total under the secondary income has been used in the past to estimate personal transfer data since disaggregated current transfer data is unavailable. However, only what’s presented in the IMF BOP will be used (along with historical data).

(c) For Israel and Zimbabwe, the IMF’s BOP data is complemented with the central bank data. For Israel, personal transfer data from the central bank are being used due to their absence in the IMF’s BOP presentation. For Zimbabwe, remittance data have not been reported in the IMF’s BOP since 2020; thus, central bank data are being used from 2021 onwards.

(d) For the current year estimates of remittance flows, high-frequency data from central banks are being used to fill gaps in data. A few dozen central banks report monthly remittance data, mostly consistent with BOP-reported data. The list includes Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Rep., El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Kenya, Kyrgyz Republic, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Pakistan, the Philippines, Serbia, Sri Lanka, and Ukraine.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: Personal transfers and compensation of employees, received (current US$)

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data. Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Indonesia

country_id: ID

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: International Debt Statistics

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees, received (current US$)


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Ireland

country_id: IE

value: Annual

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data.

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers resident in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status, to recipients in their country of origin. Migrants' transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Kenya

country_id: KE

value: Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Transfers

value: Sum

value: CC BY-4.0

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual(BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Kosovo

country_id: XK

value:
Movement of people, most often through migration, is a significant part of global integration. Migrants contribute to the economies of both their host country and their country of origin. Yet reliable statistics on migration are difficult to collect and are often incomplete, making international comparisons a challenge.

In most developed countries, refugees are admitted for resettlement and are routinely included in population counts by censuses or population registers. Globally, the number of refugees at end 2010 was 10.55 million, including 597,300 people considered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to be in a refugee-like situation; developing countries hosted 8.5 million refugees, or 80 percent of the global refugee population.

Global migration patterns have become increasingly complex in modern times, involving not just refugees, but also millions of economic migrants. But refugees and migrants, even if they often travel in the same way, are fundamentally different, and for that reason are treated very differently under modern international law. Migrants, especially economic migrants, choose to move in order to improve the future prospects of themselves and their families. Refugees have to move if they are to save their lives or preserve their freedom. They have no protection from their own state - indeed it is often their own government that is threatening to persecute them. If other countries do not let them in, and do not help them once they are in, then they may be condemning them to death - or to an intolerable life in the shadows, without sustenance and without rights.

value:
Remittance transactions have grown in importance over the past decade. In a number of developing economies, receipts of remittances have become an important and stable source of funds that exceeds receipts from exports of goods and services or from financial inflows on foreign direct investment. But the quality of statistical remittance data is not high. Remittances are a challenge to measure because of their nature. They are heterogeneous with numerous small transactions conducted by individuals through a wide variety of channels: formal channels, such as electronic wire, or through informal channels, such as cash or goods carried across borders. The large number of remittance transactions and the multitude of channels pose challenges to the compilation of comprehensive statistics. The small size of individual transactions means that they often go undetected by typical data source systems, although the aggregate level of transactions may be substantial.

Because of difficulties in obtaining data on informal remittance transactions, the remittance transactions undertaken through informal channels are sometimes not well covered in current balance of payments data. As a result, even though direct measurement of remittances - through transactions reporting or surveys - may be considered preferable if feasible, some countries instead combine different sources and estimation methods to achieve better coverage, by using direct measurements where practical and supplemented estimates where they are not. Model-based approaches are used in some countries as they are flexible. Compilers can design models to fill gaps in data sources or to provide global totals.

However, only reliable input data can lead to sound estimates, regardless of the sophistication of an estimation method or econometric model. Indirect data are converted to remittance estimates using a set of assumptions. These assumptions should be plausible, but it is often not possible to test or verify these assumptions and also the results in practice.

value: Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value:
The two main components of personal remittances, "personal transfers" and "compensation of employees", are items in the balance of payments (BPM6) framework. Both of these standard components are recorded in the current account.
"Personal transfers", a new item in the Balance of Payments (BPM6) represents a broader definition of worker remittances. Personal transfers include all current transfers in cash or in kind between resident and nonresident individuals, independent of the source of income of the sender (irrespective of whether the sender receives income from labor, entrepreneurial or property income, social benefits, and any other types of transfers; or disposes assets) and the relationship between the households (irrespective of whether they are related or unrelated individuals).

Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Compensation of employees represents remuneration in return for the labor input to the production process contributed by an individual in an employer-employee relationship with the enterprise. Compensation of employees is recorded gross and includes amounts paid by the employee as taxes or for other purposes in the economy where the work is performed. Compensation of employees has three main components: wages and salaries in cash, wages and salaries in kind, and employers' social contributions.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Kuwait

country_id: KW

value:
Basis and definition: The data on remittance flows are based on officially reported data in the IMF Balance of Payments. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Remittances are defined as the sum of two components: (a) “personal transfers” recorded under the “secondary income” category of the current account; (b) “compensation of employees,” which includes wages, salaries, and other benefits of border, seasonal, and any other nonresident workers (such as local staff of embassies) and which are recorded under the “primary income” category of the current account.

Remittances are known to be underestimated significantly in the balance of payments statistics of the IMF. There are a couple of reasons that officially reported data on remittance might not correctly capture the full extent of money transfer activities. First, the above definition does not include transfers through informal channels—such as hand-carries by friends or family, or in-kind remittances of jewelry, clothes, and other consumer goods, or through hawala. These are believed to be significant portions of total remittances in many countries. If and when they are recorded, it is not clear to what extent they reflect actual transfers rather than imports. Second, in many countries, nonresident deposits, although classified under the capital account, may in part reflect workers’ remittances. For example, the nonresidential rupee deposits in India are most likely remittances disguised as deposits—upon maturity, they do not return to the nonresident depositor because the rupee is not convertible into hard currency.

Caveats: There are several caveats relating to some adjustments made to the remittance data presented here. The caveats attached to our remittance data are:

(a) For some countries, data on remittance has been missing over several years. Missing value can significantly affect the result of data analysis of our time series data; thus, we use the Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) and Next Observation Carried Backward (NOCB) methods. These methods replace missing values either with the immediately preceding observed value or the subsequent observed value. These are potentially useful for time series data but may introduce bias if the data isn’t stationary.

(b) For several countries, including China, Portugal, Spain, and Vietnam, the ratio of personal transfers to the current transfer total under the secondary income has been used in the past to estimate personal transfer data since disaggregated current transfer data is unavailable. However, only what’s presented in the IMF BOP will be used (along with historical data).

(c) For Israel and Zimbabwe, the IMF’s BOP data is complemented with the central bank data. For Israel, personal transfer data from the central bank are being used due to their absence in the IMF’s BOP presentation. For Zimbabwe, remittance data have not been reported in the IMF’s BOP since 2020; thus, central bank data are being used from 2021 onwards.

(d) For the current year estimates of remittance flows, high-frequency data from central banks are being used to fill gaps in data. A few dozen central banks report monthly remittance data, mostly consistent with BOP-reported data. The list includes Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Rep., El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Kenya, Kyrgyz Republic, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Pakistan, the Philippines, Serbia, Sri Lanka, and Ukraine.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: Personal transfers and compensation of employees, received (current US$)

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data. Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Mexico

country_id: MX

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: International Debt Statistics

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees, received (current US$)


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Monaco

country_id: MC

value: Annual

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data.

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Remittances are classified as current private transfers from migrant workers resident in the host country for more than a year, irrespective of their immigration status, to recipients in their country of origin. Migrants' transfers are defined as the net worth of migrants who are expected to remain in the host country for more than one year that is transferred from one country to another at the time of migration. Compensation of employees is the income of migrants who have lived in the host country for less than a year. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees comprise current transfers by migrant workers and wages and salaries earned by nonresident workers. Data are the sum of three items defined in the fifth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: workers' remittances, compensation of employees, and migrants' transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Morocco

country_id: MA

value: Economic Policy & Debt: Balance of payments: Current account: Transfers

value: Sum

value: CC BY-4.0

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual(BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Netherlands

country_id: NL

value:
Movement of people, most often through migration, is a significant part of global integration. Migrants contribute to the economies of both their host country and their country of origin. Yet reliable statistics on migration are difficult to collect and are often incomplete, making international comparisons a challenge.

In most developed countries, refugees are admitted for resettlement and are routinely included in population counts by censuses or population registers. Globally, the number of refugees at end 2010 was 10.55 million, including 597,300 people considered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to be in a refugee-like situation; developing countries hosted 8.5 million refugees, or 80 percent of the global refugee population.

Global migration patterns have become increasingly complex in modern times, involving not just refugees, but also millions of economic migrants. But refugees and migrants, even if they often travel in the same way, are fundamentally different, and for that reason are treated very differently under modern international law. Migrants, especially economic migrants, choose to move in order to improve the future prospects of themselves and their families. Refugees have to move if they are to save their lives or preserve their freedom. They have no protection from their own state - indeed it is often their own government that is threatening to persecute them. If other countries do not let them in, and do not help them once they are in, then they may be condemning them to death - or to an intolerable life in the shadows, without sustenance and without rights.

value:
Remittance transactions have grown in importance over the past decade. In a number of developing economies, receipts of remittances have become an important and stable source of funds that exceeds receipts from exports of goods and services or from financial inflows on foreign direct investment. But the quality of statistical remittance data is not high. Remittances are a challenge to measure because of their nature. They are heterogeneous with numerous small transactions conducted by individuals through a wide variety of channels: formal channels, such as electronic wire, or through informal channels, such as cash or goods carried across borders. The large number of remittance transactions and the multitude of channels pose challenges to the compilation of comprehensive statistics. The small size of individual transactions means that they often go undetected by typical data source systems, although the aggregate level of transactions may be substantial.

Because of difficulties in obtaining data on informal remittance transactions, the remittance transactions undertaken through informal channels are sometimes not well covered in current balance of payments data. As a result, even though direct measurement of remittances - through transactions reporting or surveys - may be considered preferable if feasible, some countries instead combine different sources and estimation methods to achieve better coverage, by using direct measurements where practical and supplemented estimates where they are not. Model-based approaches are used in some countries as they are flexible. Compilers can design models to fill gaps in data sources or to provide global totals.

However, only reliable input data can lead to sound estimates, regardless of the sophistication of an estimation method or econometric model. Indirect data are converted to remittance estimates using a set of assumptions. These assumptions should be plausible, but it is often not possible to test or verify these assumptions and also the results in practice.

value: Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value:
The two main components of personal remittances, "personal transfers" and "compensation of employees", are items in the balance of payments (BPM6) framework. Both of these standard components are recorded in the current account.
"Personal transfers", a new item in the Balance of Payments (BPM6) represents a broader definition of worker remittances. Personal transfers include all current transfers in cash or in kind between resident and nonresident individuals, independent of the source of income of the sender (irrespective of whether the sender receives income from labor, entrepreneurial or property income, social benefits, and any other types of transfers; or disposes assets) and the relationship between the households (irrespective of whether they are related or unrelated individuals).

Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Compensation of employees represents remuneration in return for the labor input to the production process contributed by an individual in an employer-employee relationship with the enterprise. Compensation of employees is recorded gross and includes amounts paid by the employee as taxes or for other purposes in the economy where the work is performed. Compensation of employees has three main components: wages and salaries in cash, wages and salaries in kind, and employers' social contributions.


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - New Zealand

country_id: NZ

value:
Basis and definition: The data on remittance flows are based on officially reported data in the IMF Balance of Payments. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Each country reports these data according to the IMF Balance of Payments Manual 6. Remittances are defined as the sum of two components: (a) “personal transfers” recorded under the “secondary income” category of the current account; (b) “compensation of employees,” which includes wages, salaries, and other benefits of border, seasonal, and any other nonresident workers (such as local staff of embassies) and which are recorded under the “primary income” category of the current account.

Remittances are known to be underestimated significantly in the balance of payments statistics of the IMF. There are a couple of reasons that officially reported data on remittance might not correctly capture the full extent of money transfer activities. First, the above definition does not include transfers through informal channels—such as hand-carries by friends or family, or in-kind remittances of jewelry, clothes, and other consumer goods, or through hawala. These are believed to be significant portions of total remittances in many countries. If and when they are recorded, it is not clear to what extent they reflect actual transfers rather than imports. Second, in many countries, nonresident deposits, although classified under the capital account, may in part reflect workers’ remittances. For example, the nonresidential rupee deposits in India are most likely remittances disguised as deposits—upon maturity, they do not return to the nonresident depositor because the rupee is not convertible into hard currency.

Caveats: There are several caveats relating to some adjustments made to the remittance data presented here. The caveats attached to our remittance data are:

(a) For some countries, data on remittance has been missing over several years. Missing value can significantly affect the result of data analysis of our time series data; thus, we use the Last Observation Carried Forward (LOCF) and Next Observation Carried Backward (NOCB) methods. These methods replace missing values either with the immediately preceding observed value or the subsequent observed value. These are potentially useful for time series data but may introduce bias if the data isn’t stationary.

(b) For several countries, including China, Portugal, Spain, and Vietnam, the ratio of personal transfers to the current transfer total under the secondary income has been used in the past to estimate personal transfer data since disaggregated current transfer data is unavailable. However, only what’s presented in the IMF BOP will be used (along with historical data).

(c) For Israel and Zimbabwe, the IMF’s BOP data is complemented with the central bank data. For Israel, personal transfer data from the central bank are being used due to their absence in the IMF’s BOP presentation. For Zimbabwe, remittance data have not been reported in the IMF’s BOP since 2020; thus, central bank data are being used from 2021 onwards.

(d) For the current year estimates of remittance flows, high-frequency data from central banks are being used to fill gaps in data. A few dozen central banks report monthly remittance data, mostly consistent with BOP-reported data. The list includes Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Rep., El Salvador, Georgia, Guatemala, Jamaica, Kenya, Kyrgyz Republic, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Pakistan, the Philippines, Serbia, Sri Lanka, and Ukraine.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based on the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: Personal transfers and compensation of employees, received (current US$)

value: World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data. Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).


name: Personal remittances, received (current US$) - Niger

country_id: NE

value: Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6): personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

value: Note: Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).

value: International Debt Statistics

value: Workers' remittances and compensation of employees, received (current US$)