PASEC: Distribution of 2nd grade students by average number of words read accurately in one minute. 6 to 10 Words

Percentage of 2nd grade students who accurately read 6 to 10 words within one minute. The exercise requires pupils to read isolated, familiar and mostly irregular words to determine which pupils have developed sufficient written language decoding skills to adopt a lexical approach to reading. Pupils have up to five seconds to read each word; This time limit ensures that students are not decoding words through the sub-lexical assembly process. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Mean performance on the reading scale for 6th grade students. Total

Average score of Grade 6 students on the PASEC reading scale. PASEC performance scales have an international average of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points with all countries being given equal weighting. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/

Programme d'Analyse des Systèmes Educatifs de la CONFEMEN/Program for the Analysis of CONFEMEN Education Systems (PASEC): http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Mean performance on the reading scale for 6th grade students. Female

Average score of female Grade 6 students on the PASEC reading scale. PASEC performance scales have an international average of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points with all countries being given equal weighting. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: 6th grade students by reading proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Share of 6th grade students scoring below 365 on the PASEC reading scale. Pupils below Level 1 are not able to correctly answer a majority of the most basic test questions; Pupils at this level do not display the competencies measured by this test. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: 6th grade students by reading proficiency level (%). Level 1

Share of 6th grade students scoring higher than 365 but lower than 441.7 on the PASEC reading scale. Students at level 1 have not achieved the Sufficient Competency Threshold. They have developed decoding skills and can draw on them to understand isolated words taken from their everyday lives but are in difficulty when it comes to understanding the meaning of short and simple texts. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: 6th grade students by reading proficiency level (%). Level 2

Share of 6th grade students scoring higher than 441.7 but lower than 518.4 on the PASEC reading scale. Students at level 2 have not achieved the Sufficient Competency Threshold, but they can draw on their orthographic decoding skills to identify and understand isolated words taken from their everyday lives. They are also able to paraphrase explicit information from a text and locate information in short and medium length texts by identifying clues in the text and questions. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: 6th grade students by reading proficiency level (%). Level 3

Share of 6th grade students scoring higher than 518.4 but lower than 595.1 on the PASEC reading scale. Students at level 3 have achieved the Sufficient Competency Threshold. They are able to combine two pieces of explicit information from a document and carry out simple inferences in a narrative or informative text. They can extract implicit information from written material while giving meaning to implicit connectors, anaphora or referents. Students can also locate explicit information in long texts and discontinuous documents. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: 6th grade students by reading proficiency level (%). Level 4

Share of 6th grade students scoring higher than 595.1 on the PASEC reading scale. Students at level 4 have achieved the Sufficient Competency Threshold and have an overall understanding of narrative passages, informative texts and documents. They are able to interpret several implicit ideas in these texts while drawing from their experience and knowledge. When reading literary texts, pupils can to identify the author’s intention, determine implicit meaning and interpret characters’ feelings. When reading informative texts and documents, they can connect information and compare data prior to using it. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Mean performance on the reading scale for 6th grade students. Male

Average score of male Grade 6 students on the PASEC reading scale. PASEC performance scales have an international average of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points with all countries being given equal weighting. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Average performance gap between 6th grade students in multigrade and standard classes. Reading

Average difference in scores between students in multigrade classes and standard classes. Standard classes have one full-time teacher per class/grade, and multigrade classes have pupils from different grades in a single pedagogical group with a single teacher. See footnotes for the statistical significance of each data point. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Mean performance on the reading scale for 6th grade students who did not attend pre-primary education

Average score of Grade 6 students who did not attend any form of pre-primary education. PASEC performance scales have an international average of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points with all countries being given equal weighting. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 5th Percentile Score

The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 1st Percentile Score

The 1st percentile score is the score below which 1 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 10th Percentile Score

The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 25th Percentile Score

The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 50th Percentile Score

The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 75th Percentile Score

The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 90th Percentile Score

The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 95th Percentile Score

The 95th percentile score is the score below which 95 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Distribution of 6th grade reading scores: 99th Percentile Score

The 99th percentile score is the score below which 99 percent of students scored. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Mean performance on the reading scale for 6th grade students who attended pre-primary education

Average score of Grade 6 students who attended any form of pre-primary education. PASEC performance scales have an international average of 500 points and a standard deviation of 100 points with all countries being given equal weighting. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Average performance gap between 6th grade students who attended/did not attend pre-primary education. Reading

Average difference in scores between students in who attended or did not attend any form of pre-primary education. See footnotes for the statistical significance of each data point. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Average performance gap between 6th grade students in private and public education. Reading

Average difference between pupil scores in private and public educational institutions controlling for the socioeconomic index and the territorial planning index, which is calculated based on the availability of the following infrastructure and services: a paved road; electricity; a lower secondary school; an upper secondary school; a hospital; a medical or healthcare center; a police station; a bank; a savings bank; a post office; and a cultural center or library. When public and private schools are located in areas with similar infrastructure and service levels as measured by the territorial planning index, the gaps between pupils’ scores tend to be smaller. See footnotes for the statistical significance of each data point. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PASEC: Average performance gap between 6th grade students in rural and urban areas. Reading

Average difference between pupil scores in rural and urban areas controlling for the socioeconomic index and the territorial planning index, which is calculated based on the availability of the following infrastructure and services: a paved road; electricity; a lower secondary school; an upper secondary school; a hospital; a medical or healthcare center; a police station; a bank; a savings bank; a post office; and a cultural center or library. When urban and rural schools are located in areas with similar infrastructure and service levels as measured by the territorial planning index, the gaps between pupils’ scores tend to be smaller. Urban areas include towns and town suburbs, and rural areas include large villages (several hundred family lots) and small villages (up to one hundred family lots). These urban/rural definitions are standard across countries to facilitate the comparison of trends from one country to another. See footnotes for the statistical significance of each data point. Data were published for this indicator beginning with PASEC 2014. Consult the PASEC website for more detailed information: http://www.pasec.confemen.org/


PIAAC: Mean Adult Literacy Proficiency. Total

Literacy is defined as the ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with written texts to participate in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential. Literacy encompasses a range of skills from the decoding of written words and sentences to the comprehension, interpretation, and evaluation of complex texts. It does not, however, involve the production of text (writing). Information on the skills of adults with low levels of proficiency is provided by an assessment of reading components that covers text vocabulary, sentence comprehension and passage fluency. The target population for the survey was the non institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. Literacy-related non-respondents are not included in the calculation of the mean scores which, thus, present an upper bound of the estimated literacy proficiency of the population. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/

OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC)


PIAAC: Adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Percentage of adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Most of the tasks at this level require the respondent to read relatively short digital or print continuous, non-continuous, or mixed texts to locate a single piece of information that is identical to or synonymous with the information given in the question or directive. Some tasks, such as those involving non-continuous texts, may require the respondent to enter personal information onto a document. Little, if any, competing information is present. Some tasks may require simple cycling through more than one piece of information. Knowledge and skill in recognizing basic vocabulary determining the meaning of sentences, and reading paragraphs of text is expected. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Percentage of adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, the medium of texts may be digital or printed, and texts may comprise continuous, non-continuous, or mixed types. Tasks at this level require respondents to make matches between the text and information, and may require paraphrasing or low-level inferences. Some competing pieces of information may be present. Some tasks require the respondent to either A) cycle through or integrate two or more pieces of information based on criteria; B) compare and contrast or reason about information requested in the question; or C) navigate within digital texts to access and identify information from various parts of a document. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Percentage of adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Texts at this level are often dense or lengthy, and include continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple pages of text. Understanding text and rhetorical structures become more central to successfully completing tasks, especially navigating complex digital texts. Tasks require the respondent to identify, interpret, or evaluate one or more pieces of information, and often require varying levels of inference. Many tasks require the respondent to construct meaning across larger chunks of text or perform multi-step operations in order to identify and formulate responses. Often tasks also demand that the respondent disregard irrelevant or inappropriate content to answer accurately. Competing information is often present, but it is not more prominent than the correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Percentage of adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Percentage of adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks may require the respondent to search for and integrate information across multiple, dense texts; construct syntheses of similar and contrasting ideas or points of view; or evaluate evidence based arguments. Application and evaluation of logical and conceptual models of ideas may be required to accomplish tasks. Evaluating reliability of evidentiary sources and selecting key information is frequently a requirement. Tasks often require respondents to be aware of subtle, rhetorical cues and to make high-level inferences or use specialized background knowledge. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Percentage of adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. The tasks at this level require the respondent to read brief texts on familiar topics to locate a single piece of specific information. There is seldom any competing information in the text and the requested information is identical in form to information in the question or directive. The respondent may be required to locate information in short continuous texts. However, in this case, the information can be located as if the text were non-continuous in format. Only basic vocabulary knowledge is required, and the reader is not required to understand the structure of sentences or paragraphs or make use of other text features. Tasks below Level 1 do not make use of any features specific to digital texts. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Mean Adult Literacy Proficiency. Female


PIAAC: Female adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Percentage of female adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Most of the tasks at this level require the respondent to read relatively short digital or print continuous, non-continuous, or mixed texts to locate a single piece of information that is identical to or synonymous with the information given in the question or directive. Some tasks, such as those involving non-continuous texts, may require the respondent to enter personal information onto a document. Little, if any, competing information is present. Some tasks may require simple cycling through more than one piece of information. Knowledge and skill in recognizing basic vocabulary determining the meaning of sentences, and reading paragraphs of text is expected. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Percentage of female adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, the medium of texts may be digital or printed, and texts may comprise continuous, non-continuous, or mixed types. Tasks at this level require respondents to make matches between the text and information, and may require paraphrasing or low-level inferences. Some competing pieces of information may be present. Some tasks require the respondent to either A) cycle through or integrate two or more pieces of information based on criteria; B) compare and contrast or reason about information requested in the question; or C) navigate within digital texts to access and identify information from various parts of a document. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Percentage of female adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Texts at this level are often dense or lengthy, and include continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple pages of text. Understanding text and rhetorical structures become more central to successfully completing tasks, especially navigating complex digital texts. Tasks require the respondent to identify, interpret, or evaluate one or more pieces of information, and often require varying levels of inference. Many tasks require the respondent to construct meaning across larger chunks of text or perform multi-step operations in order to identify and formulate responses. Often tasks also demand that the respondent disregard irrelevant or inappropriate content to answer accurately. Competing information is often present, but it is not more prominent than the correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Percentage of female adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Percentage of female adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. Tasks at level 5 often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Percentage of female adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks may require the respondent to search for and integrate information across multiple, dense texts; construct syntheses of similar and contrasting ideas or points of view; or evaluate evidence based arguments. Application and evaluation of logical and conceptual models of ideas may be required to accomplish tasks. Evaluating reliability of evidentiary sources and selecting key information is frequently a requirement. Tasks often require respondents to be aware of subtle, rhetorical cues and to make high-level inferences or use specialized background knowledge. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Percentage of female adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. The tasks at this level require the respondent to read brief texts on familiar topics to locate a single piece of specific information. There is seldom any competing information in the text and the requested information is identical in form to information in the question or directive. The respondent may be required to locate information in short continuous texts. However, in this case, the information can be located as if the text were non-continuous in format. Only basic vocabulary knowledge is required, and the reader is not required to understand the structure of sentences or paragraphs or make use of other text features. Tasks below Level 1 do not make use of any features specific to digital texts. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Mean Adult Literacy Proficiency. Male


PIAAC: Male adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Percentage of male adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Most of the tasks at this level require the respondent to read relatively short digital or print continuous, non-continuous, or mixed texts to locate a single piece of information that is identical to or synonymous with the information given in the question or directive. Some tasks, such as those involving non-continuous texts, may require the respondent to enter personal information onto a document. Little, if any, competing information is present. Some tasks may require simple cycling through more than one piece of information. Knowledge and skill in recognizing basic vocabulary determining the meaning of sentences, and reading paragraphs of text is expected. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Percentage of male adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, the medium of texts may be digital or printed, and texts may comprise continuous, non-continuous, or mixed types. Tasks at this level require respondents to make matches between the text and information, and may require paraphrasing or low-level inferences. Some competing pieces of information may be present. Some tasks require the respondent to either A) cycle through or integrate two or more pieces of information based on criteria; B) compare and contrast or reason about information requested in the question; or C) navigate within digital texts to access and identify information from various parts of a document. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Percentage of male adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Texts at this level are often dense or lengthy, and include continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple pages of text. Understanding text and rhetorical structures become more central to successfully completing tasks, especially navigating complex digital texts. Tasks require the respondent to identify, interpret, or evaluate one or more pieces of information, and often require varying levels of inference. Many tasks require the respondent to construct meaning across larger chunks of text or perform multi-step operations in order to identify and formulate responses. Often tasks also demand that the respondent disregard irrelevant or inappropriate content to answer accurately. Competing information is often present, but it is not more prominent than the correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Percentage of male adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Percentage of male adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. Tasks at level 5 often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Percentage of male adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks may require the respondent to search for and integrate information across multiple, dense texts; construct syntheses of similar and contrasting ideas or points of view; or evaluate evidence based arguments. Application and evaluation of logical and conceptual models of ideas may be required to accomplish tasks. Evaluating reliability of evidentiary sources and selecting key information is frequently a requirement. Tasks often require respondents to be aware of subtle, rhetorical cues and to make high-level inferences or use specialized background knowledge. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Percentage of male adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. The tasks at this level require the respondent to read brief texts on familiar topics to locate a single piece of specific information. There is seldom any competing information in the text and the requested information is identical in form to information in the question or directive. The respondent may be required to locate information in short continuous texts. However, in this case, the information can be located as if the text were non-continuous in format. Only basic vocabulary knowledge is required, and the reader is not required to understand the structure of sentences or paragraphs or make use of other text features. Tasks below Level 1 do not make use of any features specific to digital texts. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Literacy Scores: 5th Percentile Score

The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Literacy Scores: 10th Percentile Score

The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Literacy Scores: 25th Percentile Score

The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Literacy Scores: 50th Percentile Score

The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Literacy Scores: 75th Percentile Score

The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Literacy Scores: 90th Percentile Score

The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Literacy Scores: 95th Percentile Score

The 95th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Literacy Proficiency. Total

Literacy is defined as the ability to understand, evaluate, use and engage with written texts to participate in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential. Literacy encompasses a range of skills from the decoding of written words and sentences to the comprehension, interpretation, and evaluation of complex texts. It does not, however, involve the production of text (writing). Information on the skills of adults with low levels of proficiency is provided by an assessment of reading components that covers text vocabulary, sentence comprehension and passage fluency. The target population was the non institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. Literacy-related non-respondents are not included in the calculation of the mean scores which, thus, present an upper bound of the estimated literacy proficiency of the population. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Most of the tasks at this level require the respondent to read relatively short digital or print continuous, non-continuous, or mixed texts to locate a single piece of information that is identical to or synonymous with the information given in the question or directive. Some tasks, such as those involving non-continuous texts, may require the respondent to enter personal information onto a document. Little, if any, competing information is present. Some tasks may require simple cycling through more than one piece of information. Knowledge and skill in recognizing basic vocabulary determining the meaning of sentences, and reading paragraphs of text is expected. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, the medium of texts may be digital or printed, and texts may comprise continuous, non-continuous, or mixed types. Tasks at this level require respondents to make matches between the text and information, and may require paraphrasing or low-level inferences. Some competing pieces of information may be present. Some tasks require the respondent to either A) cycle through or integrate two or more pieces of information based on criteria; B) compare and contrast or reason about information requested in the question; or C) navigate within digital texts to access and identify information from various parts of a document. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Texts at this level are often dense or lengthy, and include continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple pages of text. Understanding text and rhetorical structures become more central to successfully completing tasks, especially navigating complex digital texts. Tasks require the respondent to identify, interpret, or evaluate one or more pieces of information, and often require varying levels of inference. Many tasks require the respondent to construct meaning across larger chunks of text or perform multi-step operations in order to identify and formulate responses. Often tasks also demand that the respondent disregard irrelevant or inappropriate content to answer accurately. Competing information is often present, but it is not more prominent than the correct information. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Percentage of young adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. Tasks at level 5 often require respondents to perform multiple-step operations to integrate, interpret, or synthesize information from complex or lengthy continuous, non-continuous, mixed, or multiple type texts. Complex inferences and application of background knowledge may be needed to perform the task successfully. Many tasks require identifying and understanding one or more specific, non-central idea(s) in the text in order to interpret or evaluate subtle evidence-claim or persuasive discourse relationships. Conditional information is frequently present in tasks at this level and must be taken into consideration by the respondent. Competing information is present and sometimes seemingly as prominent as correct information. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. At this level, tasks may require the respondent to search for and integrate information across multiple, dense texts; construct syntheses of similar and contrasting ideas or points of view; or evaluate evidence based arguments. Application and evaluation of logical and conceptual models of ideas may be required to accomplish tasks. Evaluating reliability of evidentiary sources and selecting key information is frequently a requirement. Tasks often require respondents to be aware of subtle, rhetorical cues and to make high-level inferences or use specialized background knowledge. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by literacy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. The tasks at this level require the respondent to read brief texts on familiar topics to locate a single piece of specific information. There is seldom any competing information in the text and the requested information is identical in form to information in the question or directive. The respondent may be required to locate information in short continuous texts. However, in this case, the information can be located as if the text were non-continuous in format. Only basic vocabulary knowledge is required, and the reader is not required to understand the structure of sentences or paragraphs or make use of other text features. Tasks below Level 1 do not make use of any features specific to digital texts. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The percentage of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of literacy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in this category were not able to complete the background questionnaire due to language difficulties or learning and mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Literacy Proficiency. Female


PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Literacy Proficiency. Male


PIAAC: Mean Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Total

Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life. To this end, numeracy involves managing a situation or solving a problem in a real context, by responding to mathematical content/information/ideas represented in multiple ways. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Percentage of adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Percentage of adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Percentage of adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Percentage of adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Percentage of adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Percentage of adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Mean Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Female


PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Percentage of female adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Percentage of female adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Percentage of female adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Percentage of female adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Percentage of female adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Percentage of female adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Female adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Percentage of female adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Mean Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Male


PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Percentage of male adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Percentage of male adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Percentage of male adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Percentage of male adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Percentage of male adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Percentage of male adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Male adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Below Level 1

Percentage of male adults scoring below 176 points on the 0 to 500 point scale on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondents to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or money, or recognizing common spatial representations in concrete, familiar contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little or no text or distractors. The target population for the survey was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-65 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 5th Percentile Score

The 5th percentile score is the score below which 5 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 10th Percentile Score

The 10th percentile score is the score below which 10 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 25th Percentile Score

The 25th percentile score is the score below which 25 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 50th Percentile Score

The 50th percentile score is the score below which 50 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 75th Percentile Score

The 75th percentile score is the score below which 75 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 90th Percentile Score

The 90th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Distribution of Adult Numeracy Scores: 95th Percentile Score

The 95th percentile score is the score below which 90 percent of adults (age 16 to 65) scored. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Mean Young Adult Numeracy Proficiency. Total

Numeracy is defined as the ability to access, use, interpret and communicate mathematical information and ideas in order to engage in and manage the mathematical demands of a range of situations in adult life. To this end, numeracy involves managing a situation or solving a problem in a real context, by responding to mathematical content/information/ideas represented in multiple ways. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 1

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 176 to less than 226 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out basic mathematical processes in common, concrete contexts where the mathematical content is explicit with little text and minimal distractors. Tasks usually require one-step or simple processes involving counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations, understanding simple percents such as 50%, and locating and identifying elements of simple or common graphical or spatial representations. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 2

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 226 to less than 276 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to identify and act on mathematical information and ideas embedded in a range of common contexts where the mathematical content is fairly explicit or visual with relatively few distractors. Tasks tend to require the application of two or more steps or processes involving calculation with whole numbers and common decimals, percents and fractions; simple measurement and spatial representation; estimation; and interpretation of relatively simple data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 3

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 276 to less than 326 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand mathematical information that may be less explicit, embedded in contexts that are not always familiar and represented in more complex ways. Tasks require several steps and may involve the choice of problem-solving strategies and relevant processes. Tasks tend to require the application of number sense and spatial sense; recognizing and working with mathematical relationships, patterns, and proportions expressed in verbal or numerical form; and interpretation and basic analysis of data and statistics in texts, tables and graphs. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring 326 to less than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 4 & 5

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring at least 326 on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at level 4 require the respondent to understand a broad range of mathematical information that may be complex, abstract or embedded in unfamiliar contexts. These tasks involve undertaking multiple steps and choosing relevant problem-solving strategies and processes. Tasks tend to require analysis and more complex reasoning about quantities and data; statistics and chance; spatial relationships; and change, proportions and formulas. Tasks at this level may also require understanding arguments or communicating well-reasoned explanations for answers or choices.  Tasks at level 5 require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/


PIAAC: Young adults by numeracy proficiency level (%). Level 5

Percentage of young (age 16-24) adults scoring equal to or higher than 376 points on the 0 to 500 point scale. Tasks at this level require the respondent to understand complex representations and abstract and formal mathematical and statistical ideas, possibly embedded in complex texts. Respondents may have to integrate multiple types of mathematical information where considerable translation or interpretation is required; draw inferences; develop or work with mathematical arguments or models; and justify, evaluate and critically reflect upon solutions or choices. The target population was the non-institutionalized population, aged 16-24 years, residing in the country at the time of data collection, irrespective of nationality, citizenship or language status. The proportion of adults scoring at different levels of proficiency adds up to 100% when the percentage of numeracy-related non-respondents are taken into account. Adults in the missing category were not able to provide enough background information to impute proficiency scores because of language difficulties, or learning or mental disabilities (literacy-related non-response). For more information, consult the OECD PIAAC website: http://www.oecd.org/site/piaac/