Proportion of population pushed further below the $3.65 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)

This indicator shows the fraction of a country’s population living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the $3.65 poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Number of people pushed further below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure

Health Nutrition and Population Statistics

This indicator shows the number of people living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the 60% median consumption poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending.  Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).

Global Health Observatory. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/financial-protection)


Proportion of population pushed further below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)

This indicator shows the fraction of a country’s population living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the 60% median consumption poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending.
Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (USD)

Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, expressed in US dollars (2011 PPP). The poverty gap increase due to out-of-pocket health spending is one way to measure how much out-of-pocket health spending pushes people below or further below the poverty line (the difference in the poverty gap due to out-of-pocket health spending being included or excluded from the measure of household welfare). This difference corresponds to the total out-of-pocket health spending for households that are already below the poverty line, to the amount that exceeds the shortfall between the poverty line and total consumption for households that are impoverished by out-of-pocket health spending and to zero for households whose consumption is above the poverty line after accounting for out-of-pocket health spending.

World Health Organization and World Bank. 2019. Global Monitoring Report on Financial Protection in Health 2019. NOTE: This indicator has been discontinued as of December 2021. Please see the following indicators: SH.UHC.FBP1.ZS, SH.UHC.FBP2.ZS, SH.UHC.FBP1.TO and SH.UHC.FBP2.TO.


Number of people pushed below the $2.15 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure. This indicator shows the number of people living in households experiencing impoverishing out-of-pocket health expenditures, defined as expenditures without which the household they live in would have been above the $2.15 poverty line, but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line.  Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (% of poverty line)

Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, as a percentage of the $1.90 poverty line. The poverty gap increase due to out-of-pocket health spending is one way to measure how much out-of-pocket health spending pushes people below or further below the poverty line (the difference in the poverty gap due to out-of-pocket health spending being included or excluded from the measure of household welfare). This difference corresponds to the total out-of-pocket health spending for households that are already below the poverty line, to the amount that exceeds the shortfall between the poverty line and total consumption for households that are impoverished by out-of-pocket health spending and to zero for households whose consumption is above the poverty line after accounting for out-of-pocket health spending.

World Health Organization and World Bank. 2019. Global Monitoring Report on Financial Protection in Health 2019.  NOTE: This indicator has been discontinued as of December 2021. Please see the following indicators: SH.UHC.FBP1.ZS, SH.UHC.FBP2.ZS, SH.UHC.FBP1.TO and SH.UHC.FBP2.TO.


Proportion of population pushed below the $2.15 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)

This indicator shows the fraction of a country’s population experiencing out-of-pocket health impoverishing expenditures, defined as expenditures without which the household they live in would have been above the $ 2.15 poverty line, but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (USD)

Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, expressed in US dollars (2011 PPP). The poverty gap increase due to out-of-pocket health spending is one way to measure how much out-of-pocket health spending pushes people below or further below the poverty line (the difference in the poverty gap due to out-of-pocket health spending being included or excluded from the measure of household welfare). This difference corresponds to the total out-of-pocket health spending for households that are already below the poverty line, to the amount that exceeds the shortfall between the poverty line and total consumption for households that are impoverished by out-of-pocket health spending and to zero for households whose consumption is above the poverty line after accounting for out-of-pocket health spending.


Number of people pushed below the $3.65 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure. This indicator shows the number of households experiencing impoverishing out-of-pocket health expenditures, defined as expenditures without which the household would have been above the $3.65 poverty line, but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line.  Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (% of poverty line)

Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure, as a percentage of the $3.20 poverty line. The poverty gap increase due to out-of-pocket health spending is one way to measure how much out-of-pocket health spending pushes people below or further below the poverty line (the difference in the poverty gap due to out-of-pocket health spending being included or excluded from the measure of household welfare). This difference corresponds to the total out-of-pocket health spending for households that are already below the poverty line, to the amount that exceeds the shortfall between the poverty line and total consumption for households that are impoverished by out-of-pocket health spending and to zero for households whose consumption is above the poverty line after accounting for out-of-pocket health spending.


Proportion of population pushed below the $3.65 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)

This indicator shows the fraction of a country’s population experiencing out-of-pocket health impoverishing expenditures, defined as expenditures without which the household they live in would have been above the $3.65 poverty line, but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line.  Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Number of people pushed below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure

This indicator shows the number of people living in households experiencing impoverishing expenditures, defined as out-of-pocket health expenditures without which the household they live in would have been above the 60% median consumption poverty line, but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Proportion of population pushed below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health expenditure (%)

This indicator shows the fraction of a country’s population experiencing out-of-pocket health impoverishing expenditures, defined as expenditures without which the household they live in would have been above the 60% median consumption but because of the expenditures is below the poverty line. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Number of people spending more than 10% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Proportion of population spending more than 10% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)

Proportion of population spending more than 10% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Number of people spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Proportion of population spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)

Proportion of population spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


UHC service coverage index

Coverage index for essential health services (based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, noncommunicable diseases and service capacity and access). It is presented on a scale of 0 to 100.

Global Health Observatory. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. (https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/service-coverage)


Number of people pushed or further pushed below the $2.15 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure

This indicator shows the number of people who are either (1) living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the $2.15 poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending or (2) live in households whose total expenditures are above the $2.15 poverty line but fall below the $2.15 poverty line when out-of-pocket health spending is subtracted from total expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Proportion of population pushed or further pushed below the $2.15 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)

This indicator shows the fraction of a country's population who is either (1) living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the $2.15 poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending or (2) live in households whose total expenditures are above the $2.15 poverty line but fall below the $2.15 poverty line when out-of-pocket health spending is subtracted from total expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Number of people pushed or further pushed below the $3.65 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure

This indicator shows the number of people who are either (1) living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the $3.65 poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending or (2) live in households whose total expenditures are above the $3.65 poverty line but fall below the $3.65 poverty line when out-of-pocket health spending is subtracted from total expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Proportion of population pushed or further pushed below the $3.65 ($ 2017 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)

This indicator shows the fraction of a country's population who is either (1) living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the $3.65 poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending or (2) live in households whose total expenditures are above the $3.65 poverty line but fall below the $3.65 poverty line when out-of-pocket health spending is subtracted from total expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Number of people pushed or further pushed below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure

This indicator shows the number of people who are either (1) living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the relative poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending or (2) live in households whose total expenditures are above the relative poverty line but fall below the relative poverty line when out-of-pocket health spending is subtracted from total expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Proportion of population pushed or further pushed below the 60% median consumption poverty line by out-of-pocket health expenditure (%)

This indicator shows the fraction of a country's population who is either (1) living in households whose non-health expenditures are already below the relative poverty line and who as a result are pushed further into poverty by their out-of-pocket health spending or (2) live in households whose total expenditures are above the relative poverty line but fall below the relative poverty line when out-of-pocket health spending is subtracted from total expenditure. Out-of-pocket health expenditure is defined as any spending incurred by a household when any member uses a health good or service to receive any type of care (preventive, curative, rehabilitative, long-term or palliative care); provided by any type of provider; for any type of disease, illness or health condition; in any type of setting (outpatient, inpatient, at home).


Tetanus toxoid vaccination (% of live births): Q1 (lowest)

Health Nutrition and Population Statistics by Wealth Quintile

Percent distribution of last live births in the last three years preceding the survey for tetanus toxoid injections (two doses or more) given to the mother during pregnancy.


Tetanus toxoid vaccination (% of live births): Q2


Tetanus toxoid vaccination (% of live births): Q3


Tetanus toxoid vaccination (% of live births): Q4


Tetanus toxoid vaccination (% of live births): Q5 (highest)


Newborns protected against tetanus (%)

Newborns protected against tetanus are the percentage of births by women of child-bearing age who are immunized against tetanus.

WHO and UNICEF (http://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/en/).


Outpatient visits per capita

Outpatient visits per capita are the number of visits to health care facilities per capita, including repeat visits.

WHO, OECD and supplemented by country data.


Current health expenditure (% of GDP)

Level of current health expenditure expressed as a percentage of GDP.  Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year. This indicator does not include capital health expenditures such as buildings, machinery, IT and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.

World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database). The data was retrieved on April 15, 2024.


Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Current expenditures on health per capita in current US dollars. Estimates of current health expenditures include healthcare goods and services consumed during each year.


Current health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)

Current expenditures on health per capita expressed in international dollars at purchasing power parity.


External health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

Share of current health expenditures funded from external sources. External sources compose of direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by government encompassing all financial inflows into the national health system from outside the country. External sources either flow through the government scheme or are channeled through non-governmental organizations or other schemes.


External health expenditure channeled through government (% of external health expenditure)

Share of external donor funding flowing through the government budgets relative to the overall external expenditures on health.

Computed using World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database). The data was retrieved on April 7, 2023.


External health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Current external expenditures on health per capita expressed in current US dollars. External sources are composed of direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by government encompassing all financial inflows into the national health system from outside the country.


External health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)

Current external expenditures on health per capita expressed in international dollars at purchasing power parity. External sources are composed of direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by government encompassing all financial inflows into the national health system from outside the country.


External resources for health (% of total expenditure on health)

External resources for health are funds or services in kind that are provided by entities not part of the country in question. The resources may come from international organizations, other countries through bilateral arrangements, or foreign nongovernmental organizations. These resources are part of total health expenditure.

World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (see http://apps.who.int/nha/database for the most recent updates).


Domestic general government health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

Share of current health expenditures funded from domestic public sources for health.  Domestic public sources include domestic revenue as internal transfers and grants, transfers, subsidies to voluntary health insurance beneficiaries, non-profit institutions serving households (NPISH) or enterprise financing schemes as well as compulsory prepayment and social health insurance contributions. They do not include external resources spent by governments on health.


Domestic general government health expenditure (% of GDP)

Public expenditure on health from domestic sources as a share of the economy as measured by GDP.


Domestic general government health expenditure (% of general government expenditure)

Public expenditure on health from domestic sources as a share of total public expenditure.  It indicates the priority of the government to spend on health from own domestic public resources.


Domestic general government health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Public expenditure on health from domestic sources per capita expressed in current US dollars.


Domestic general government health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)

Public expenditure on health from domestic sources per capita expressed in international dollars at purchasing power parity.


Capital health expenditure (% of GDP)

Level of capital investments on health expressed as a percentage of GDP.  Capital health investments include health infrastructure (buildings, machinery, IT) and stocks of vaccines for emergency or outbreaks.

World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (http://apps.who.int/nha/database). The data was retrieved on April 7, 2023.


Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

Share of out-of-pocket payments of total current health expenditures.  Out-of-pocket payments are spending on health directly out-of-pocket by households.


Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita (current US$)

Health expenditure through out-of-pocket payments per capita in USD.  Out of pocket payments are spending on health directly out of pocket by households in each country.


Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)

Health expenditure through out-of-pocket payments per capita in international dollars at purchasing power parity.


Out-of-pocket health expenditure (% of total expenditure on health)

Out of pocket expenditure is any direct outlay by households, including gratuities and in-kind payments, to health practitioners and suppliers of pharmaceuticals, therapeutic appliances, and other goods and services whose primary intent is to contribute to the restoration or enhancement of the health status of individuals or population groups. It is a part of private health expenditure.


Out-of-pocket health expenditure (% of private expenditure on health)


Health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Government health expenditure per capita (current US$)

General government expenditure corresponds to the consolidated outlays of all levels of government: territorial authorities (Central/Federal Government, Provincial/Regional/State/District authorities, Municipal/ Local governments), social security institutions and extra budgetary funds, including capital outlays. It is provided by the Central Bank/Ministry of Finance to the International Monetary Fund or by the United Nations Statistics Department.

World Health Organization (http://www.who.int/nha/country/en/)


Health expenditure per capita, PPP (constant 2011 international $)

Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditures as a ratio of total population. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation. Data are in international dollars converted using 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) rates.


Health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)


Health expenditure, private (% of total health expenditure)

World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (see http://apps.who.int/nha/database for the most recent updates).


Private prepaid plans (% of private expenditure on health)

Prepaid and risk-pooling plans are the expenditure on health by private insurance institutions.  Private insurance enrolment may be contractual or voluntary, and conditions and benefits or basket of benefits are agreed on a voluntary basis between the insurance agent and the beneficiaries.  They are thus not controlled by government units for the purpose of providing social benefits to members.


Health expenditure, private (% of GDP)

Private health expenditure includes direct household (out-of-pocket) spending, private insurance, charitable donations, and direct service payments by private corporations.


Health expenditure, public (% of total health expenditure)

Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds. Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation.


Health expenditure, public (% of government expenditure)

Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds.


Domestic private health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)

Share of current health expenditures funded from domestic private sources.  Domestic private sources include funds from households, corporations and non-profit organizations. Such expenditures can be either prepaid to voluntary health insurance or paid directly to healthcare providers.


Domestic private health expenditure per capita (current US$)

Current private expenditures on health per capita expressed in current US dollars. Domestic private sources include funds from households, corporations and non-profit organizations. Such expenditures can be either prepaid to voluntary health insurance or paid directly to healthcare providers.


Domestic private health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)

Current private expenditures on health per capita expressed in international dollars at purchasing power parity.


Social Security expenditure on health (% government expenditure on health)

Social security funds comprise the expenditure on health by social security institutions. Social security or national health insurance schemes are imposed and controlled by government units for the purpose of providing social benefits to members of the community as a whole or to particular segments of the community. They include direct outlays to medical care providers and to suppliers of medical goods as well as reimbursements to households and the supply of services in kind to the enrollees.


Health expenditure, total (% of GDP)

Total health expenditure is the sum of public and private health expenditure. It covers the provision of health services (preventive and curative), family planning activities, nutrition activities, and emergency aid designated for health but does not include provision of water and sanitation.


Income share held by second 20%

Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Percentage shares by quintile may not sum to 100 because of rounding.

World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see http://pip.worldbank.org.


Income share held by highest 10%

Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles.


Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income (%)

The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.


Poverty headcount ratio at $3.10 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population)

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.10 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.10 a day at 2011 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.

World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).


Number of people live below the poverty line (in number of people)

Indonesia Database for Policy and Economic Research

BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK - Statistics Indonesia


Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)

Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $2.15 a day at 2017 purchasing power adjusted prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.


Survey coverage for poverty headcount ratio (at $2.15 a day, 2017 PPP)

Share of population covered by a survey within five years or reference year (reference year, plus/minus 2 years)


Share of total poor population (at $2.15 a day, 2017 PPP)

The share of total global poor population.


Poverty gap at $3.10 a day (2011 PPP) (%)

Poverty gap at $3.10 a day (2011 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $3.10 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions.


Poverty gap at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (%)

Poverty gap at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $2.15 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.


Gini index

Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.


Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)

Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $3.65 a day at 2017 international prices.


Poverty gap at $3.65 a day (2017 PPP) (%)

Poverty gap at $3.65 a day (2017 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $3.65 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.


Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (% of total population)

The percentage of people who are multidimensionally poor

Government statistical agencies. Data for EU countires are from the EUROSTAT


Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio, children (% of population ages 0-17)

The percentage of children who are multidimensionally poor


Multidimensional poverty index, children (population ages 0-17) (scale 0-1)

Proportion of the child population that is multidimensionally poor adjusted by the intensity of the deprivations


Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio, female (% of female population)

The percentage of female population who are multidimensionally poor


Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio, household (% of total households)

The percentage of households who are multidimensionally poor


Multidimensional poverty intensity (average share of deprivations experienced by the poor)

The average percentage of dimensions in which poor people are deprived


Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio, male (% of male population)

The percentage of male population who are multidimensionally poor


Multidimensional poverty index (scale 0-1)

Proportion of the population that is multidimensionally poor adjusted by the intensity of the deprivations


Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (UNDP) (% of population)

The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (UNDP) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to UNDPs multidimensional poverty index. The index includes three dimensions -- health, education, and living standards.

Alkire, S., Kanagaratnam, U., and Suppa, N. (2023). ‘The global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2023 country results and methodological note’, OPHI MPI Methodological Note 55, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford. (https://ophi.org.uk/mpi-methodological-note-55-2/)


Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (World Bank) (% of population)

The multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (World Bank) is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Multidimensional Poverty Measure. The Multidimensional Poverty Measure includes three dimensions – monetary poverty, education, and basic infrastructure services – to capture a more complete picture of poverty.


Poverty gap at national poverty lines (%)

Poverty gap at national poverty lines is the mean shortfall from the poverty lines (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a percentage of the poverty lines. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.

World Bank, Global Poverty Working Group. Data are compiled from official government sources or are computed by World Bank staff using national (i.e. country–specific) poverty lines.


Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)

National poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line(s). National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys. For economies for which the data are from EU-SILC, the reported year is the income reference year, which is the year before the survey year.

World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are compiled from official government sources or are computed by World Bank staff using national (i.e. country–specific) poverty lines.


Poverty Line (in IDR)

Poverty line is an indicator of household expenditure to measure how much poor people live in particular district. Every people who has per capita expenditure below the poverty line will be deemed as poor people.


Poverty Rate (in % of population)

Poverty Rate: Number of people live below the poverty line compared to total population.


Poverty Gap (index)

Poverty Gap index: Average gap between expenditure of poor people and the poverty line.


Number of poor at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (millions)

The number of people (millions) living on less than $1.90 a day (2011 PPP)

World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. For more information and methodology, please see PovcalNet (http://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/index.htm).


Rural poverty gap at national poverty lines (%)

Rural poverty gap at national poverty lines is the rural population's mean shortfall from the poverty lines (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a percentage of the poverty lines. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.


Rural poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of rural population)

Rural poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the rural population living below the national poverty lines.


Poverty headcount ratio at societal poverty line (% of population)

The poverty headcount ratio at societal poverty line is the percentage of a population living in poverty according to the World Bank's Societal Poverty Line. The Societal Poverty Line is expressed in purchasing power adjusted 2017 U.S. dollars and defined as max($2.15, $1.15 + 0.5*Median). This means that when the national median is sufficiently low, the Societal Poverty line is equivalent to the extreme poverty line, $2.15. For countries with a sufficiently high national median, the Societal Poverty Line grows as countries’ median income grows.


Poverty headcount ratio at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population)

Poverty headcount ratio at $6.85 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $6.85 a day at 2017 international prices.


Poverty gap at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) (%)

Poverty gap at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) is the mean shortfall in income or consumption from the poverty line $6.85 a day (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.


Urban poverty gap at national poverty lines (%)

Urban poverty gap at national poverty lines is the urban population's mean shortfall from the poverty lines (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a percentage of the poverty lines. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence.


Urban poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of urban population)

Urban poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the urban population living below the national poverty lines.


Average transaction cost of sending remittances to a specific country (%)

Average transaction cost of sending remittance to a specific country is the average of the total transaction cost in percentage of the amount sent for sending USD 200 charged by each single remittance service provider (RSP) included in the Remittance Prices Worldwide (RPW) database to a specific country.

World Bank, Remittance Prices Worldwide, available at http://remittanceprices.worldbank.org


Average transaction cost of sending remittances from a specific country (%)

Average transaction cost of sending remittance from a specific country is the average of the total transaction cost in percentage of the amount sent for sending USD 200 charged by each single remittance service provider (RSP) included in the Remittance Prices Worldwide (RPW) database from a specific country.


Average transaction cost of remittances (%)


Survey mean consumption or income per capita, bottom 40% of population (2017 PPP $ per day)

Mean consumption or income per capita (2017 PPP $ per day) of the bottom 40%, used in calculating the growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country.

World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).


Survey mean consumption or income per capita, bottom 40% (2005 PPP $ per day)

Mean consumption or income per capita (2005 PPP $ per day) used in calculating the growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% of the population in the income distribution in a country.

World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP)  (http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/global-database-of-shared-prosperity).


Annualized average growth rate in per capita real survey mean consumption or income, bottom 40% of population (%)

The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the bottom 40% is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the bottom 40% of the population in  the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1.  The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered.

The coverage and quality of the 2017 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2017 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform for detailed explanations.


Survey mean consumption or income per capita, total population (2017 PPP $ per day)

Mean consumption or income per capita (2017 PPP $ per day) used in calculating the growth rate in the welfare aggregate of total population.


Survey mean consumption or income per capita, total population (2005 PPP $ per day)

Mean consumption or income per capita (2005 PPP $ per day) used in calculating the growth rate in the welfare aggregate of total population.


Annualized average growth rate in per capita real survey mean consumption or income, total population (%)

The growth rate in the welfare aggregate of the total population is computed as the annualized average growth rate in per capita real consumption or income of the total population in  the income distribution in a country from household surveys over a roughly 5-year period. Mean per capita real consumption or income is measured at 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries means are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The annualized growth rate is computed as (Mean in final year/Mean in initial year)^(1/(Final year - Initial year)) - 1.  The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported. The initial year refers to the nearest survey collected 5 years before the most recent survey available, only surveys collected between 3 and 7 years before the most recent survey are considered.

The coverage and quality of the 2017 PPP price data for Iraq and most other North African and Middle Eastern countries were hindered by the exceptional period of instability they faced at the time of the 2017 exercise of the International Comparison Program. See the Poverty and Inequality Platform for detailed explanations.


Prosperity gap (average shortfall from a prosperity standard of $25/day)

The average shortfall from a prosperity standard of $25 per day (adjusted for differences in purchasing power parity across countries). It is measured as the average factor by which incomes fall short of $25.

World Bank’s Poverty and Inequality Platform: http://pip.worldbank.org.


Child employment in agriculture, female (% of female economically active children ages 7-14)

Employment by economic activity refers to the distribution of economically active children by the major industrial categories of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2), categories A and B (ISIC revision 3), or category A (ISIC revision 4) and includes hunting, forestry, and fishing. Economically active children refer to children involved in economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey.

Understanding Children's Work project based on data from ILO, UNICEF and the World Bank.


Child employment in agriculture, male (% of male economically active children ages 7-14)


Child employment in agriculture (% of economically active children ages 7-14)


Employees, agriculture, female (% of total agricultural employment)


Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The agriculture sector consists of activities in agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing, in accordance with division 1 (ISIC 2) or categories A-B (ISIC 3) or category A (ISIC 4).

International Labour Organization. “ILO modelled estimates database” ILOSTAT. Accessed February 07, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)

Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Employment is defined as persons of working age who, during a short reference period, were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period (i.e. who worked in a job for at least one hour) or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangements. Ages 15-24 are generally considered the youth population.

International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)

International Labour Organization. “ILO Modelled Estimates and Projections database (ILOEST)” ILOSTAT. Accessed February 06, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate)


Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)


Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Number of people employed in agriculture, forestry and fishery

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector.

BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK - Statistics Indonesia, Labor Survey (SAKERNAS)


Number of people employed in construction sector

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the construction sector.


Number of people employed in electricity and utilities sector

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the electricity and utilities sector.


Number of people employed in financial services sector

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the financial services sector.


Number of people employed in industrial sector

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the industrial sector.


Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector (% of total nonagricultural employment)

Share of women in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services-corresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-Q (ISIC revision 3).


Number of people employed in mining and quarrying sector

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the mining and quarrying sector.


Employers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Employers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs" i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced), and, in this capacity, have engaged, on a continuous basis, one or more persons to work for them as employee(s).


Employers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Employers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Own-account workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Own-account workers are workers who, working on their own account or with one or more more partners, hold the types of jobs defined as "self-employment jobs" and have not engaged on a continuous basis any employees to work for them. Own account workers are a subcategory of "self-employed".

International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in March 2017.


Own-account workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Own-account workers, total (% of total employment)


Self-employed, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Self-employed workers are those workers who, working on their own account or with one or a few partners or in cooperative, hold the type of jobs defined as a "self-employment jobs." i.e. jobs where the remuneration is directly dependent upon the profits derived from the goods and services produced. Self-employed workers include four sub-categories of employers, own-account workers, members of producers' cooperatives, and contributing family workers.


Self-employed, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Self-employed, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%)

The proportion of females in total employment in senior and middle management. It corresponds to major group 1 in both ISCO-08 and ISCO-88 minus category 14 in ISCO-08 (hospitality, retail and other services managers) and minus category 13 in ISCO-88 (general managers), since these comprise mainly managers of small enterprises.

International Labour Organization. “Labour Market-related SDG Indicators database (ILOSDG)” ILOSTAT. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Number of people employed in social services sector

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the social services sector.


Number of people employed

Total employment shows the total number employed ages 15 and over.

International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.


Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (national estimate)

Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Employment is defined as persons of working age who, during a short reference period, were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period (i.e. who worked in a job for at least one hour) or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangements. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.


Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (national estimate)


Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate)


Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Number of people employed in trade, hotel and restaurant sector

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the trade, hotel and restaurant sector.


Number of people employed in transportation and telecommunication sector

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for the duration at least one hour during the survey week, and are mainly employed in the transportation and telecommunication sector.


Number of people underemployed

All persons who worked for pay or assisted others in obtaining pay or profit for less than 35 hours per week.


Time-related underemployment, female (% of employment)

Time-related underemployment refers to all persons in employment who (i) wanted to work additional hours, (ii) had worked less than a specified hours threshold (working time in all jobs), and (iii) were available to work additional hours given an opportunity for more work.

International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed September 06, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Time-related underemployment, male (% of employment)


Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Vulnerable employment is contributing family workers and own-account workers as a percentage of total employment.

World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Estimates are based on data obtained from International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT at https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Wage and salaried workers (employees) are those workers who hold the type of jobs defined as "paid employment jobs," where the incumbents hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that give them a basic remuneration that is not directly dependent upon the revenue of the unit for which they work.


Wage and salaried workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Children in employment, unpaid family workers, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)

Unpaid family workers are people who work without pay in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.


Children in employment, unpaid family workers, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)


Children in employment, unpaid family workers (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)


Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Contributing family workers are those workers who hold "self-employment jobs" as own-account workers in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person living in the same household.


Contributing family workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Contributing family workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


GDP per person employed (constant 2021 PPP $)

GDP per person employed is gross domestic product (GDP) divided by total employment in the economy. Purchasing power parity (PPP) GDP is GDP converted to 2021 constant international dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States.

World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Estimates are based on employment, population, GDP, and PPP data obtained from International Labour Organization, United Nations Population Division, Eurostat, OECD, and World Bank.


GDP per person employed (annual % growth)

GDP per person employed is gross domestic product (GDP) divided by total employment in the economy.


GDP per person employed, index (1980 = 100)

GDP per person employed is presented as an index with base year 2000 = 100. GDP per person employed is gross domestic product (GDP) divided by total employment.

Derived using data from International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. The data retrieved in March 1, 2020.


Employment in industry, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The industry sector consists of mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas, and water), in accordance with divisions 2-5 (ISIC 2) or categories C-F (ISIC 3) or categories B-F (ISIC 4).


Employment in industry, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Employment in industry (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Informal employment, female (% of total non-agricultural employment)

Employment in the informal economy as a percentage of total non-agricultural employment. It basically includes all jobs in unregistered and/or small-scale private unincorporated enterprises that produce goods or services meant for sale or barter. Self-employed street vendors, taxi drivers and home-base workers, regardless of size, are all considered enterprises. However, agricultural and related activities, households producing goods exclusively for their own use (e.g. subsistence farming, domestic housework, care work, and employment of paid domestic workers), and volunteer services rendered to the community are excluded.

International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in September 20, 2020.


Informal employment, male (% of total non-agricultural employment)


Informal employment (% of total non-agricultural employment)


Child employment in manufacturing, female (% of female economically active children ages 7-14)

Employment by economic activity refers to the distribution of economically active children by the major industrial categories of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). Manufacturing corresponds to division 3 (ISIC revision 2), category D (ISIC revision 3), or category C (ISIC revision 4). Economically active children refer to children involved in economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey.


Child employment in manufacturing, male (% of male economically active children ages 7-14)


Child employment in manufacturing (% of economically active children ages 7-14)


Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing (%)

Ratio of female to male wages in manufacturing refers to female to male wages and salaries in manufacturing.

Derived using data from International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in September 2019.


Children in employment, self-employed, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)

Self-employed workers are people whose remuneration depends directly on the profits derived from the goods and services they produce, with or without other employees, and include employers, own-account workers, and members of producers cooperatives.


Children in employment, self-employed, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)


Children in employment, self-employed (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)


Child employment in services, female (% of female economically active children ages 7-14)

Employment by economic activity refers to the distribution of economically active children by the major industrial categories of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). Services correspond to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2), categories G-P (ISIC revision 3), or categories G-U (ISIC revision 4). Services include wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, financial intermediation, real estate, public administration, education, health and social work, other community services, and private household activity. Economically active children refer to children involved in economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey.


Child employment in services, male (% of male economically active children ages 7-14)


Child employment in services (% of economically active children ages 7-14)


Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)

Employment is defined as persons of working age who were engaged in any activity to produce goods or provide services for pay or profit, whether at work during the reference period or not at work due to temporary absence from a job, or to working-time arrangement. The services sector consists of wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal services, in accordance with divisions 6-9 (ISIC 2) or categories G-Q (ISIC 3) or categories G-U (ISIC 4).


Employment in services, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Employment in services (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)


Number of people in labor force

Persons 15 year old and over who were working, temporarily absent from work but having jobs, which both are categorized as employed, and those who did not have work and were looking for work.


Children in employment, female (% of female children ages 7-14)

Children in employment refer to children involved in economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey.


Children in employment, male (% of male children ages 7-14)


Average working hours of children, study and work, female, ages 7-14 (hours per week)

Average working hours of children studying and working refer to the average weekly working hours of those children who are attending school in combination with economic activity.


Children in employment, study and work, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)

Children in employment refer to children involved in economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey. Study and work refer to children attending school in combination with economic activity.


Average working hours of children, study and work, male, ages 7-14 (hours per week)


Children in employment, study and work, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)


Average working hours of children, study and work, ages 7-14 (hours per week)


Children in employment, study and work (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)


Average working hours of children, working only, female, ages 7-14 (hours per week)

Average working hours of children working only refers to the average weekly working hours of those children who are involved in economic activity and not attending school.


Children in employment, work only, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)

Children in employment refer to children involved in economic activity for at least one hour in the reference week of the survey. Work only refers to children involved in economic activity and not attending school.


Average working hours of children, working only, male, ages 7-14 (hours per week)


Children in employment, work only, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)


Average working hours of children, working only, ages 7-14 (hours per week)


Children in employment, work only (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)


Children in employment, total (% of children ages 7-14)


Labor force (15-24 years), female

Total labor force comprises people ages 15 to 24 who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.


Labor force (15-24 years), female (% of total labor force 15-24 years)

Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-24)

ILO Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM).


Labor force (15-24 years), total

Total labor force comprises people ages 15-24 who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.


Labor force (15-24 years), male (% of total labor force 15-24 years)

Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-24)


Labor force (15-64 years), female

The labor force comprising people ages 15 to 64 who meet the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, but excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector.


Labor force (15-64 years), female (% of total labor force 15-64 years)


Labor force (15-64 years), male (% of total labor force 15-64 years)


Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)

Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24 is the proportion of the population ages 15-24 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.


Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate)


Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)


Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.

International Labour Organization. “ILO modelled estimates database” ILOSTAT. Accessed February 06, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)


Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)


Labor force with advanced education, female (% of female working-age population with advanced education)

The ratio of the labor force with advanced education to the working-age population with advanced education. Advanced education comprises short-cycle tertiary education, a bachelor’s degree or equivalent education level, a master’s degree or equivalent education level, or doctoral degree or equivalent education level according to the International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED 2011).

International Labour Organization. “Education and Mismatch Indicators database (EMI)” ILOSTAT. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Labor force with advanced education, male (% of male working-age population with advanced education)


Labor force with advanced education (% of total working-age population with advanced education)


Labor force with basic education, female (% of female working-age population with basic education)

The ratio of the labor force with basic education to the working-age population with basic education. Basic education comprises primary education or lower secondary education according to the International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED 2011).


Labor force with basic education, male (% of male working-age population with basic education)


Labor force with basic education (% of total working-age population with basic education)


Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 25-34)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 25-34 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.  The participation rates are harmonized to account for differences in national data collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors such as military service requirements. The series includes both nationally reported and imputed data and only estimates that are national, meaning there are no geographic limitations in coverage.


Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 25-34)


Labor participation rate, total (% of total population ages 25-34)


Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 25-54)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 25-54 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.  The participation rates are harmonized to account for differences in national data collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors such as military service requirements. The series includes both nationally reported and imputed data and only estimates that are national, meaning there are no geographic limitations in coverage.


Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 25-54)


Labor participation rate, total (% of total population ages 25-54)


Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 35-54)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 35-54 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.  The participation rates are harmonized to account for differences in national data collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors such as military service requirements. The series includes both nationally reported and imputed data and only estimates that are national, meaning there are no geographic limitations in coverage.


Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 35-54)


Labor participation rate, total (% of total population ages 35-54)


Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 55-64)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 55-64 that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.  The participation rates are harmonized to account for differences in national data collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors such as military service requirements. The series includes both nationally reported and imputed data and only estimates that are national, meaning there are no geographic limitations in coverage.


Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 55-64)


Labor participation rate, total (% of total population ages 55-64)


Labor participation rate, female (% of female population ages 65+)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 65 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.  The participation rates are harmonized to account for differences in national data collection and tabulation methodologies as well as for other country-specific factors such as military service requirements. The series includes both nationally reported and imputed data and only estimates that are national, meaning there are no geographic limitations in coverage.


Labor participation rate, male (% of male population ages 65+)


Labor participation rate, total (% of total population ages 65+)


Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (national estimate)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.


Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)


Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate)

Labor force participation rate is the proportion of the population ages 15 and older that is economically active: all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate is calculated by dividing female labor force participation rate by male labor force participation rate and multiplying by 100.


Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (modeled ILO estimate)


Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (national estimate)


Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)


Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (national estimate)


Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)


Labor force, children 10-14 (% of age group)


Labor force with intermediate education, female (% of female working-age population with intermediate education)

The ratio of the labor force with intermediate education to the working-age population with intermediate education. Intermediate education comprises upper secondary or post-secondary non tertiary education according to the International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED 2011).


Labor force with intermediate education, male (% of male working-age population with intermediate education)


Labor force with intermediate education (% of total working-age population with intermediate education)


Part time employment, female (% of total female employment)

Part time employment refers to regular employment in which working time is substantially less than normal. Definitions of part time employment differ by country.

International Labour Organization. “Wages and Working Time Statistics database (COND)” ILOSTAT. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Part time employment, male (% of total male employment)


Part time employment, female (% of total part time employment)

International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT database. Data retrieved in March 1, 2020.


Part time employment, total (% of total employment)


Labor force with primary education, female (% of female labor force)

Female labor force with primary education is the share of the female labor force that attained or completed primary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force with primary education, male (% of male labor force)

Male labor force with primary education is the share of the male labor force that attained or completed primary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force with primary education (% of total)

Labor force with primary education is the share of the total labor force that attained or completed primary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force with secondary education, female (% of female labor force)

Female labor force with secondary education is the share of the female labor force that attained or completed secondary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force with secondary education, male (% of male labor force)

Male labor force with secondary education is the share of the male labor force that attained or completed secondary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force with secondary education (% of total)

Labor force with secondary education is the share of the total labor force that attained or completed secondary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force with tertiary education, female (% of female labor force)

Female labor force with tertiary education is the share of the female labor force that attained or completed tertiary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force with tertiary education, male (% of male labor force)

Male labor force with tertiary education is the share of the male labor force that attained or completed tertiary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force with tertiary education (% of total)

Labor force with tertiary education is the share of the total labor force that attained or completed tertiary education as the highest level of education.


Labor force, female

Female labor force comprises women ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers. Not everyone who works is included, however. Unpaid workers, family workers, and students are often omitted, and some countries do not count members of the armed forces. Labor force size tends to vary during the year as seasonal workers enter and leave.

World Bank, World Development Indicators database. Estimates are based on data obtained from International Labour Organization and United Nations Population Division.


Labor force, female (% of total labor force)

Female labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which women are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period.


Labor force, total

Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period. It includes people who are currently employed and people who are unemployed but seeking work as well as first-time job-seekers. Not everyone who works is included, however. Unpaid workers, family workers, and students are often omitted, and some countries do not count members of the armed forces. Labor force size tends to vary during the year as seasonal workers enter and leave.


Labor force, male

Male labor force comprises all males who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.

International Labour Organization, using World Bank population estimates.


Labor force, male (% of total labor force)

Male labor force as a percentage of the total show the extent to which men are active in the labor force. Labor force comprises people ages 15 and older who meet the International Labour Organization's definition of the economically active population.


Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)

Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.

International Labour Organization. “Labour Force Statistics database (LFS)” ILOSTAT. Accessed October 16, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)

Youth unemployment refers to the share of the labor force ages 15-24 without work but available for and seeking employment.

International Labour Organization. “ILO Modelled Estimates and Projections database (ILOEST)” ILOSTAT. Accessed June 18, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Ratio of female to male youth unemployment rate (%) (national estimate)

Ratio of female to male youth unemployment is the percentage of female to male youth unemployment rates.


Ratio of female to male youth unemployment rate (% ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)


Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)


Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)


Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)


Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)


Unemployment with advanced education, female (% of female labor force with advanced education)

The percentage of the labor force with an advanced level of education who are unemployed. Advanced education comprises short-cycle tertiary education, a bachelor’s degree or equivalent education level, a master’s degree or equivalent education level, or doctoral degree or equivalent education level according to the International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED 2011).


Unemployment with advanced education, male (% of male labor force with advanced education)


Unemployment with advanced education (% of total labor force with advanced education)


Unemployment with basic education, female (% of female labor force with basic education)

The percentage of the labor force with a basic level of education who are unemployed. Basic education comprises primary education or lower secondary education according to the International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED 2011).


Unemployment with basic education, male (% of male labor force with basic education)


Unemployment with basic education (% of total labor force with basic education)


Unemployment with intermediate education, female (% of female labor force with intermediate education)

The percentage of the labor force with an intermediate level of education who are unemployed. Intermediate education comprises upper secondary or post-secondary non tertiary education according to the International Standard Classification of Education 2011 (ISCED 2011).


Unemployment with intermediate education, male (% of male labor force with intermediate education)


Unemployment with intermediate education (% of total labor force with intermediate education)


Long-term unemployment, female (% of female unemployment)

Long-term unemployment refers to the number of people with continuous periods of unemployment extending for a year or longer, expressed as a percentage of the total unemployed.


Long-term unemployment, male (% of male unemployment)


Long-term unemployment (% of total unemployment)


Share of youth not in education, employment or training, female (% of female youth population) (modeled ILO estimate)

Share of youth not in education, employment or training (NEET) is the proportion of young people who are not in education, employment, or training to the population of the corresponding age group: youth (ages 15 to 24); persons ages 15 to 29; or both age groups.

International Labour Organization. “ILO Modelled Estimates and Projections database ( ILOEST )” ILOSTAT. Accessed September 06, 2024. https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.


Share of youth not in education, employment or training, female (% of female youth population)


Share of youth not in education, employment or training, male (% of male youth population)  (modeled ILO estimate)


Share of youth not in education, employment or training, male (% of male youth population)


Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)  (modeled ILO estimate)


Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)


Unemployment with primary education, female (% of female unemployment)

Female unemployment with primary education is the share of the female unemployed who attained or completed primary education as the highest level.

International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.


Unemployment with primary education, male (% of male unemployment)

Male unemployment with primary education is the share of the male unemployed who attained or completed primary education as the highest level.


Unemployment with primary education (% of total unemployment)

Unemployment with primary education is the share of the total unemployed who attained or completed primary education as the highest level.


Unemployment with secondary education, female (% of female unemployment)

Female unemployment with secondary education is the share of the female unemployed who attained or completed secondary education as the highest level.


Unemployment with secondary education, male (% of male unemployment)

Male unemployment with secondary education is the share of the male unemployed who attained or completed secondary education as the highest level.


Unemployment with secondary education (% of total unemployment)

Unemployment with secondary education is the share of the total unemployed who attained or completed secondary education as the highest level.


Unemployment with tertiary education, female (% of female unemployment)

Female unemployment with tertiary education is the share of the female unemployed who attained or completed tertiary education as the highest level.


Unemployment with tertiary education, male (% of male unemployment)

Male unemployment with tertiary education is the share of the male unemployed who attained or completed tertiary education as the highest level.


Unemployment with tertiary education (% of total unemployment)

Unemployment with tertiary education is the share of the total unemployed who attained or completed tertiary education as the highest level.


Number of people unemployed

Unemployed is a person in the labour force, who at the reference period, did not have a job but was actively looking for one.

BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK - Statistics Indonesia, Labor Survey (SAKERNAS)


Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (national estimate)

Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country.


Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)

Unemployment refers to the share of the labor force that is without work but available for and seeking employment.


Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (national estimate)


Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)


Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate)


Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)


Children in employment, wage workers, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)

Wage workers (also known as employees) are people who hold explicit (written or oral) or implicit employment contracts that provide basic remuneration that does not depend directly on the revenue of the unit for which they work.

Understanding Children's Work project based on data from ILO, UNICEF and the World Bank.


Children in employment, wage workers, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)


Children in employment, wage workers (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)


Emigration rate of tertiary educated (% of total tertiary educated population)

Emigration rate of tertiary educated shows the stock of emigrants ages 25 and older, residing in an OECD country other than that in which they were born, with at least one year of tertiary education as a percentage of the population age 25 and older with tertiary education.

Frédéric Docquier, B. Lindsay Lowell, and Abdeslam Marfouk's , "A Gendered Assessment of Highly Skilled Emigration" (2009).


Foreign population (% of total population)


Net migration

Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens.

United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2022 Revision.


Refugee population by country or territory of asylum

Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of asylum is the country where an asylum claim was filed and granted.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and UNRWA through UNHCR's Refugee Data Finder at https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/.


Refugee population by country or territory of origin

Refugees are people who are recognized as refugees under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol, the 1969 Organization of African Unity Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, people recognized as refugees in accordance with the UNHCR statute, people granted refugee-like humanitarian status, and people provided temporary protection. Asylum seekers--people who have applied for asylum or refugee status and who have not yet received a decision or who are registered as asylum seekers--are excluded. Palestinian refugees are people (and their descendants) whose residence was Palestine between June 1946 and May 1948 and who lost their homes and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Country of origin generally refers to the nationality or country of citizenship of a claimant.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Refugee Data Finder at https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/.


International migrant stock, total

International migrant stock is the number of people born in a country other than that in which they live. It also includes refugees. The data used to estimate the international migrant stock at a particular time are obtained mainly from population censuses. The estimates are derived from the data on foreign-born population--people who have residence in one country but were born in another country. When data on the foreign-born population are not available, data on foreign population--that is, people who are citizens of a country other than the country in which they reside--are used as estimates. After the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 people living in one of the newly independent countries who were born in another were classified as international migrants. Estimates of migrant stock in the newly independent states from 1990 on are based on the 1989 census of the Soviet Union. For countries with information on the international migrant stock for at least two points in time, interpolation or extrapolation was used to estimate the international migrant stock on July 1 of the reference years. For countries with only one observation, estimates for the reference years were derived using rates of change in the migrant stock in the years preceding or following the single observation available. A model was used to estimate migrants for countries that had no data.

United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2012 Revision.


International migrant stock (% of population)

United Nations Population Division, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: 2008 Revision.


Foreign labor force (% of total labor force)


Number of people who are undernourished

Number of people who are undernourished shows the number of people whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life.

Food and Agriculture Organization (http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home).


Prevalence of undernourishment (population)

Population below minimum dietary energy consumption is the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements continuously.

Food and Agriculture Organization (http://www.fao.org/faostat/foodsecurity/index_en.htm).


Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)

Prevalence of undernourishments is the percentage of the population whose habitual food consumption is insufficient to provide the dietary energy levels that are required to maintain a normal active and healthy life. Data showing as 2.5 may signify a prevalence of undernourishment below 2.5%.