Foreign direct investment, net outflows by reporting economy (IMF-BoP, current US$)

Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$)

Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, supplemented by data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources.


Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world and is divided by GDP.

International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics and Balance of Payments databases, World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.


Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in an economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. This series shows net outflows of investment from the reporting economy to the rest of the world, and is divided by GDP.


Current transfers, payments (BoP, current US$)

Current transfers comprise transfers of income between residents of the reporting country and the rest of the world that carry no provisions for repayment. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files.


Migrant remittance outflows (current US$)

Migrants’ remittances are defined as the sum of worker’s remittances,

World Bank staff estimates based on the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook 2008.


Official current transfers, payments (BoP, current US$)

Current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Secondary income, other sectors, payments (BoP, current US$)

Secondary income refers to transfers recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Workers' remittances, payments (BoP, current US$)

Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing countries classify workers' remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in defining GNI, and its classification of workers' remittances may therefore differ from national practices. This item shows payments by the reporting country. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Personal remittances, paid (current US$)

Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data.


Private current transfers, payments (BoP, US$)


Current Acc. Bal. after Off. Transf. (US$, BoP)


Current Account Balance after off. trans. (US$, BoP)


Current account balance (BoP, current US$)

Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods and services, net primary income, and net secondary income. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Current account balance (% of GDP)

Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods and services, net primary income, and net secondary income.

International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.


Current account balance (% of GNP)

Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers. Data are in current U.S. dollars.  Data are divided by GNP at market prices in U.S. dollars to facilitate comparison across economies.


Current Acc. Bal. before Off. Transf.(US$, BoP)


Curr. acc. bal. before official transf. (% of GDP)


Current Account Balance (IMF def)(US$, BoP)


Current account balance excluding net official capital grants (% of GDP)

Current account balance is the sum of net exports of goods, services, net income, and net current transfers.  This is divided by GDP at market prices, with both series expressed in current U.S. dollars.


Debt service not paid (BoP, current US$).


Debt Service not paid: Arrears Accumulation (BoP, current US$)

In the standard presentation of the balance of payments, arrears of interest and amortization--amounts that are past due and unpaid--are recorded as if the amounts had been paid on schedule, and an offsetting entry is made to reflect the associated new, short-term commitments.  Data are in current US dollars.


Net financial account (BoP, current US$)

The net financial account shows net acquisition and disposal of financial assets and liabilities. It measures how net lending to or borrowing from nonresidents is financed, and is conceptually equal to the sum of the balances on the current and capital accounts. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Net primary income (BoP, current US$)

Net primary income refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Net income (% of GDP)

Net income refers to receipts and payments of employee compensation paid to nonresident workers and investment income (receipts and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Income derived from the use of intangible assets is recorded under business services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook and data files. World Bank GDP estimates are used for the denominator.


Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$)

Net trade in goods and services is derived by offsetting imports of goods and services against exports of goods and services. Exports and imports of goods and services comprise all transactions involving a change of ownership of goods and services between residents of one country and the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$)

Net trade in goods is the difference between exports and imports of goods. Trade in services is not included. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Net errors and omissions (BoP, current US$)

Net errors and omissions constitute a residual category needed to ensure that accounts in the balance of payments statement sum to zero. Net errors and omissions are derived as the balance on the financial account minus the balances on the current and capital accounts. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Capital flows not elsewhere included (BoP, current US$)

This item comprises capital transactions not included elsewhere. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Other capital flows, net (BoP, current US$)

The sum of short-term capital, net errors and omissions, and capital transactions not included elsewhere. Data denominated in current U.S. dollars.


Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$)

Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net FDI. In BPM6, financial account balances are calculated as the change in assets minus the change in liabilities. Net FDI outflows are assets and net FDI inflows are liabilities. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Foreign direct investment, net inflows (US$)


Foreign direct investment (% of GDP)

Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDI)


Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)


Net long-term borrowing (BoP, current US$)

Net long-term borrowing includes external debt disbursements less repayments due, plus other net long-term inflows. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Other long-term inflows, net (BoP, current US$)

Other long-term capital comprises the difference between long-term capital, as defined for total long-term capital: excluding reserves and LCFAR, and the similar item reported in IMF balance of payments statistics. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Private capital flows, total (BoP, current US$)

Private capital flows consist of net foreign direct investment and portfolio investment. Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. The FDI included here is total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Portfolio investment covers transactions in equity securities and debt securities. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Private capital flows, net total (DRS, current US$)


Private capital flows, total (% of GDP)

Private capital flows consist of net foreign direct investment and portfolio investment. Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. The FDI included here is total net, that is, net FDI in the reporting economy from foreign sources less net FDI by the reporting economy to the rest of the world. Portfolio investment covers transactions in equity securities and debt securities.


Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$)

Portfolio investment covers transactions in equity securities and debt securities. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Other Long-Term Inflows (net) (US$, BoP)


Net direct and portfolio investment (US$)


Long-Term Capital Inflow (net) (US$, BoP)


Long-Term Capital Inflow, net (US$, BoP)


Portfolio investment, equity (DRS, current US$)


Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$)

Reserves and related items is the net change in a country's holdings of international reserves resulting from transactions on the current, capital, and financial accounts. Reserve assets are those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, and include holdings of monetary gold, special drawing rights (SDRs), reserve position in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other reserve assets. Also included are net credit and loans from the IMF (excluding reserve position) and total exceptional financing. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Change in Reserves (- = increase) (US$, BoP)


Net secondary income (BoP, current US$)

Secondary income refers to transfers recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Net current transfers (% of GDP)

Net current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Net capital account (BoP, current US$)

Net capital account records acquisitions and disposals of nonproduced nonfinancial assets, such as land sold to embassies and sales of leases and licenses, as well as capital transfers, including government debt forgiveness. The use of the term capital account in this context is designed to be consistent with the System of National Accounts, which distinguishes between capital transactions and financial transactions. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Official current transfers, net (BoP, current US$)

Current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Private current transfers, net (BoP, current US$)


Workers' remittances, net (BoP, current US$)

Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing countries classify workers' remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in defining GNI, and its classification of workers' remittances may therefore differ from national practices. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Personal remittances, net (current US$)

Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Private current transfers, net (BoP, US$)


Grants (disbursements) from new commitments (BoP, current US$)

Grants (disbursements) from new commitments in current US dollars.


Borrowed any money (% age 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year.


Borrowed any money, female (% age 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, female (% age 15+)


Borrowed any money, urban (% age 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, urban (% age 15+)


Borrowed any money, out of labor force (% age 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, out of labor force (% age 15+)


Borrowed any money, in labor force (% age 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, in labor force (% age 15+)


Borrowed any money, male (% age 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, male (% age 15+)


Borrowed any money, young (% ages 15-24)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, young (% ages 15-24)


Borrowed any money, older (% age 25+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, older (% age 25+)


Borrowed any money, primary education or less (% ages 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, primary education or less (% ages 15+)


Borrowed any money, secondary education or more (% ages 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, secondary education or more (% ages 15+)


Borrowed any money, income, poorest 40% (% ages 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, poorest 40% (% ages 15+)


Borrowed any money, income, richest 60% (% ages 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, richest 60% (% ages 15+)


Borrowed any money, rural (% age 15+)

The percentage of respondents who report borrowing any money (by themselves or together with someone else) for any reason and from any source in the past year, rural (% age 15+)


BPK Audit Report on Sub-National Budget

Indonesia Database for Policy and Economic Research


Agricultural tractors, imports (FAO, current US$)

Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year.  Data are in US$.

Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.


Agricultural tractors, imports

Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the end of the calendar year specified or during the first quarter of the following year.


Cereal imports (FAO, current US$)

Cereals include wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing are excluded.


Forest products exports (FAO, current US$)

Forest products exports.  Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Hazardous pesticides exports (FAO, current US$)

Pesticides refer to insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, disinfectants and any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying or controlling any pest, including vectors of human or animal disease, unwanted species of plants or animals causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products or animal feedstuffs, or substances which may be administered to animals for the control of insects, arachnids or other pests in or on their bodies.  The term includes substances intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant or agent for thinning fruit or preventing the premature fall of fruit, and substances applied to crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity from deterioration during storage and transport.  Pesticide trade is the value of trade covering insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, disinfectants and others, as described by the Harmonised Coding System (HS) code 3808.  Differences between figures given for total exports and total imports at the world level may be due to several factors, e.g. the time lag between the dispatch of goods from exporting country and their arrival in the importing country; the use of different classification of the same product by different countries; or the fact that some countries supply data on general trade while others give data on special trade.


Pesticides exports (FAO, current US$)

Pesticides trade refers to the value of all types of pesticides (put up in forms or packings for retail sale or as preparations or articles), provided to (exports) or received (imported) from the rest of the world. Differences between figures given for total exports and total imports at the world level may be due to several factors, e.g. the time lag between the dispatch of goods from exporting country and their arrival in the importing country; the use of different classification of the same product by different countries; or the fact that some countries supply data on general trade while others give data on special trade.  Pesticides refers to insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, disinfectants and any substance intended for preventing, destroying, attracting, repelling, or controlling any pest including unwanted species of plants or animals during the production, storage, transport, distribution, and processing of food, agricultural commodities, or animal feeds of which may be administered to animals for the control of ectoparasites.


Food exports excluding fish (FAO, current US$)

Food exports an are expressed in current U.S. dollars at free on board (fob) prices. Excludes fish.


Grants, excluding technical cooperation (current US$)

Grants are defined as legally binding commitments that obligate a specific value of funds available for disbursement for which there is no repayment requirement. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

World Bank, International Debt Statistics.


Grants, excluding technical cooperation (BoP, current US$)

World Bank, International Debt Statistics, and OECD.


Technical cooperation grants (current US$)

Technical cooperation grants include free-standing technical cooperation grants, which are intended to finance the transfer of technical and managerial skills or of technology for the purpose of building up general national capacity without reference to any specific investment projects; and investment-related technical cooperation grants, which are provided to strengthen the capacity to execute specific investment projects. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Technical cooperation grants (BoP, current US$)


Total agricultural exports (FAO, current US$)

Total agricultural imports are expressed in terms of value.  They cover all movements into the country of the commodity in question during the reference period. They include commercial trade, food aid granted on specific terms, donated quantities and estimates of unrecorded trade.


ICT service exports (BoP, current US$)

Information and communication technology service exports include computer and communications services (telecommunications and postal and courier services) and information services (computer data and news-related service transactions). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP)

Information and communication technology service exports include computer and communications services (telecommunications and postal and courier services) and information services (computer data and news-related service transactions).


Communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports, BoP)

Communications, computer, information, and other services cover international telecommunications; computer data; news-related service transactions between residents and nonresidents; construction services; royalties and license fees; miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services; personal, cultural, and recreational services; manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others; and maintenance and repair services and government services not included elsewhere.


Communications services, exports (BoP, current US$)


Primary income receipts (BoP, current US$)

Primary income receipts refer to employee compensation paid to resident workers working abroad and investment income (receipts on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Financial services, exports (BoP, current US$)


Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$)

Exports of goods and services comprise all transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world involving a change of ownership from residents to nonresidents of general merchandise, net exports of goods under merchanting, nonmonetary gold, and services. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Exports of goods, services, income and workers' remittances (BoP, current US$)

Exports of goods and services are the total value of goods and services exported as well as income and workers' remittances received. Workers' remittances include compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Insurance and financial services (% of service exports, BoP)

Insurance and financial services cover various types of insurance provided to nonresidents by resident insurance enterprises and vice versa, and financial intermediary and auxiliary services (except those of insurance enterprises and pension funds) exchanged between residents and nonresidents.


Insurance services, exports (BoP, current US$)


Goods exports (BoP, current US$)

Goods exports refer to all movable goods (including nonmonetary gold and net exports of goods under merchanting) involved in a change of ownership from residents to nonresidents. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Merchandise exports (BOP): percentage of GDP (%)


Service exports (BoP, current US$)

Services refer to economic output of intangible commodities that may be produced, transferred, and consumed at the same time. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Charges for the use of intellectual property, receipts (BoP, current US$)

Charges for the use of intellectual property are payments and receipts between residents and nonresidents for the authorized use of proprietary rights (such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial processes and designs including trade secrets, and franchises) and for the use, through licensing agreements, of produced originals or prototypes (such as copyrights on books and manuscripts, computer software, cinematographic works, and sound recordings) and related rights (such as for live performances and television, cable, or satellite broadcast). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$)

Exports of goods, services and primary income is the sum of goods exports, service exports and primary income receipts. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Transport services, exports (BoP, current US$)

Transport covers all transport services (sea, air, land, internal waterway, pipeline, space and electricity transmission) performed by residents of one economy for those of another and involving the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rental of carriers with crew, and related support and auxiliary services. Also included are postal and courier services. Excluded are freight insurance (included in insurance services); goods procured in ports by nonresident carriers (included in goods); maintenance and repairs on transport equipment (included in maintenance and repair services n.i.e.); and repairs of railway facilities, harbors, and airfield facilities (included in construction). Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Transport services (% of service exports, BoP)

Transport covers all transport services (sea, air, land, internal waterway, pipeline, space and electricity transmission) performed by residents of one economy for those of another and involving the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rental of carriers with crew, and related support and auxiliary services. Also included are postal and courier services. Excluded are freight insurance (included in insurance services); goods procured in ports by nonresident carriers (included in goods); maintenance and repairs on transport equipment (included in maintenance and repair services n.i.e.); and repairs of railway facilities, harbors, and airfield facilities (included in construction).


Travel services, exports (BoP, current US$)

Travel covers goods and services acquired from an economy by travelers for their own use during visits of less than one year in that economy for either business or personal purposes. Travel includes local transport (i.e., transport within the economy being visited and provided by a resident of that economy), but excludes international transport (which is included in passenger transport. Travel also excludes goods for resale, which are included in general merchandise. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Travel services (% of service exports, BoP)

Travel covers goods and services acquired from an economy by travelers for their own use during visits of less than one year in that economy for either business or personal purposes. Travel includes local transport (i.e., transport within the economy being visited and provided by a resident of that economy), but excludes international transport (which is included in passenger transport. Travel also excludes goods for resale, which are included in general merchandise.


Foreign direct investment, net inflows in reporting economy (IMF-BoP, current US$)

Foreign direct investment is net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Foreign direct investment, net inflows in reporting economy (DRS, current US$)

Foreign direct investment (net) shows the net change in foreign investment in the reporting country. Foreign direct investment is defined as investment that is made to acquire a lasting management interest (usually of 10 percent of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in a country other than that of the investor (defined according to residency), the investor's purpose being an effective voice in the management of the enterprise. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows in the reporting economy. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments, supplemented by data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and official national sources. Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).


Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$)

Foreign direct investment refers to direct investment equity flows in the reporting economy. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, and other capital. Direct investment is a category of cross-border investment associated with a resident in one economy having control or a significant degree of influence on the management of an enterprise that is resident in another economy. Ownership of 10 percent or more of the ordinary shares of voting stock is the criterion for determining the existence of a direct investment relationship. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)


Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of gross capital formation)


Foreign direct investment are the net inflows of investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital as shown in the balance of payments. This series shows net inflows (new investment inflows less disinvestment) in the reporting economy from foreign investors, and is divided by GDP.


Primary income on FDI (current US$)

Primary income on foreign direct investment covers payments of direct investment income (debit side), which consist of income on equity (dividends, branch profits, and reinvested earnings) and income on the intercompany debt (interest). Data are in current U.S. dollars.

International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook.


Portfolio investment, equity (DRS, current US$)


Portfolio equity includes net inflows from equity securities other than those recorded as direct investment and including shares, stocks, depository receipts (American or global), and direct purchases of shares in local stock markets by foreign investors. Data are in current U.S. dollars.

International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook. Data starting from 2005 are based the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM6).


Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$)

International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments database, and World Bank, International Debt Statistics.


Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$)

Secondary income refers to transfers recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Migrant remittance inflows (current US$)

Migrants’ remittances are defined as the sum of worker’s remittances,


Migrant remittance inflows (% of GDP)

World Bank staff estimates based on the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook 2008, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.


Official current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$)

Current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Official transfers, current and capital (Credit, current US$)

Current transfers are recorded in the balance of payments whenever an economy provides or receives goods, services, income, or financial items without a quid pro quo. All transfers not considered to be capital are current. Data are in current U.S. dollars


Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$)


Personal transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$)

Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Personal remittances, received (current US$)

Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Personal remittances, received (% of GDP)

Personal remittances comprise personal transfers and compensation of employees. Personal transfers consist of all current transfers in cash or in kind made or received by resident households to or from nonresident households. Personal transfers thus include all current transfers between resident and nonresident individuals. Compensation of employees refers to the income of border, seasonal, and other short-term workers who are employed in an economy where they are not resident and of residents employed by nonresident entities. Data are the sum of two items defined in the sixth edition of the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual: personal transfers and compensation of employees.

World Bank staff estimates based on IMF balance of payments data, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.


Workers' remittances, receipts (% of GDP)

Workers' remittances are current transfers by migrants who are employed or intend to remain employed for more than a year in another economy in which they are considered residents. Some developing countries classify workers' remittances as a factor income receipt (and thus as a component of GNI). The World Bank adheres to international guidelines in defining GNI, and its classification of workers' remittances may therefore differ from national practices. This item shows receipts by the reporting country. Data are in current U.S. dollars.


Private current transfers, receipts (BoP, US$)


057.Firm Entry Rate

Exporter Dynamics Database – Indicators at Country-Year Level

Exporter-level information on export transactions - Customs


Membership in international organizations


Conversion rate (from local currency to USD)


Percentage(%) of Gross Domestic Product as Public Procurement Expenditure


Number of certified contracting officers (e.g. CIPS)


Contracting officers certification program


Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) law clause


Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) law clause


Public Procurement Law requirement for awards to SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises) clause


Bid Securities and/or bid declaration clause


Standstill period for goods contracts regulation clause


Standstill period for works contracts regulation clause


Standstill period for services contacts regulation clause


Bid validity period of goods awards regulation clause


Bid validity period of works awards regulation clause


Bid validity period of services awards regulation clause


Contract award disclosure threshold clause


Number of days for advertisement of goods awards clause


Number of days for advertisement of works awards clause


Number of days for advertisement of services awards clause


Threshold value for direct contract awards of goods clause


Threshold value for direct contract awards of works clause


Threshold value for direct contract awards of services clause


eProcurement System used by the World Bank


World Bank procurement method used for certification


eProcurement system supported by the World Bank


eProcurement system custom vs Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) vs. Open Source


Website where eProcurement data are published as per Open Contracting Data Standard (OCDS) standard


Percentage of value spent through the use of eProcurement over total value spent


Percentage of number of transactions through the use of eProcurement over total number of transactions


Number of professionals certified on eProcurement systems


Estimated annual savings value through the use of eProcurement (in USDs)


Percentage of savings value through the use of eProcurement over total cost estimate


Methodology used in order to calculate savings value through the use of eProcurement


060.Share of Entrants in TEV (Total Export Value)


Average number of bidders per tender for goods contracts


Average number of bidders per tender for works contracts


Average number of bidders per tender for services contracts


Number of rejected/unjustified complaints


Number of complaints under investigation


Complaint resolution period (include average resolution time in days)


Number of cancelled procurement procedures


Published public procurement annual reports


Value of contracts awards of goods (in USD)


Value of contracts awards of works (in USD)


Value of contracts awards of services (in USD)


Value of domestic contract awards (in USD)


Value of international contract awards (in USD)


Value of direct contract awards (in USD)


Number of contract awards under framework agreements


Value of contract awards under framework agreements (in USD)


Number of contract awards evaluated based on MEAT


Value of contract awards evaluated based on MEAT (in USD)


Number of contract awards evaluated based on Lowest Price method


Value of contract awards evaluated based on Lowest Price method (in USD)


Number of days from advertisement to contract award


Total protests and riots since 2018

Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR)


Additional population exposed to annual coastal floods due to sea level rise, as a share of actual population (%) - Min. exposure, 2100

Additional population exposed to annual coastal floods due to sea level rise, as a share of actual population, is reported as a percentage and is reflective of the population in the year 2100, determined by the minimum exposure scenario (RCP26)

Kulp, S.A., Strauss, B.H. New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding. Nat Commun 10, 4844 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12808-z


Additional population exposed to annual coastal floods due to sea level rise, as a share of actual population (%) - Max exposure, 2100

Additional population exposed to annual coastal floods due to sea level rise, as a share of actual population, is reported as a percentage and is reflective of the population in the year 2100, determined by the maximum exposure scenario (RCP85)


Additional population exposed to annual coastal floods due to sea level rise, as a share of actual population (%) - Min. exposure, 2050

Additional population exposed to annual coastal floods due to sea level rise, as a share of actual population, is reported as a percentage and is reflective of the population in the year 2050, determined by the minimum exposure scenario (RCP26)


Additional population exposed to annual coastal floods due to sea level rise, as a share of actual population (%) - Max exposure, 2050

Additional population exposed to annual coastal floods due to sea level rise, as a share of actual population, is reported as a percentage and is reflective of the population in the year 2050, determined by the maximum exposure scenario (RCP85)


Nitrogen application (tons per ha)

Data generated by taking Nutrient Nitrogen N (tonnes) [Fertilizers by Nutrient sheet] and dividing it by Area Harvested (ha) [Crops and Livestock Products sheet] from FAOSTAT. FAOSTAT data is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). In addition to this license, some database specific terms of use are listed: Terms of Use of Datasets.

FAOSTAT. Available at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data


Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact - All impacts

Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population for all impacts, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.

Hallegatte, Stephane; Bangalore, Mook; Bonzanigo, Laura; Fay, Marianne; Kane, Tamaro; Narloch, Ulf; Rozenberg, Julie; Treguer, David; Vogt-Schilb, Adrien. 2016. Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. Climate Change and Development;. Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22787 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.


Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact - Agriculture Revenues

Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact, from climate change impacts relating to Agriculture Revenues, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact - Disasters

Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact, from climate change impacts relating to Disasters, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact - Food prices

Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact, from climate change impacts relating to Food Prices, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact - Health

Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact, from climate change impacts relating to Health, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact - Labor productivity

Additional people below $1.90 as % of total population by impact, from climate change impacts relating to Labor Productivity, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030 - Agriculture

Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030, from climate change impacts relating to Agriculture, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030 - All Impacts

Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030, from all impacts, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030 - Disasters

Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030, from climate change impacts relating to Disasters, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030 - Health

Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030, from climate change impacts relating to Health, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030 - Temperature

Additional people below $4 as % of total population by impact, by 2030, from climate change impacts relating to Temperature, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030 - Agriculture (original)

Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030, from climate change impacts relating to Agriculture, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030 - All Impacts (original)

Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population for all impacts impact, by 2030, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030 - Disasters (original)

Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030, from climate change impacts relating to Disasters, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030 - Health (original)

Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030, from climate change impacts relating to Health, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030 - Temperature (original)

Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact, by 2030, from climate change impacts relating to Temperature, is generated from data within Shock Waves : Managing the Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty. This report examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win” situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact - Agriculture Revenues (update)


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact - All impacts (update)


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact - Disasters (update)


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact - Food prices (update)


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact - Health (update)


Change in income (%) for bottom 40% of the population by impact - Labor productivity (update)


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Bunker Fuels

Bunker fuels sector CO2 emissions are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.

Climate Watch. 2020. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available online at: https://www.climatewatchdata.org.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Building

Building sector CO2 emissions are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Electricity/Heat


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Total excluding LUCF

Total CO2 emissions (excluding LUCF) are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Energy

Energy sector CO2 emissions are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Fugitive Emissions

Fugitive sector CO2 emissions are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Total including LUCF

Total CO2 emissions (including LUCF) are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Industrial Processes

Industrial Processes sector CO2 emissions are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Land-Use Change and Forestry

Land-Use Change and Forestry sector CO2 emissions are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Manufacturing/Construction

Manufacturing and construction sector CO2 emissions are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Other Fuel Combustion


CO2 emissions by sector (Mt CO2 eq) - Transportation

Transportation sector CO2 emissions are generated from the World Resource Institute's Climate Watch. Climate Watch Historical Emission data contains sector-level greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for 194 countries and the European Union (EU) for the period 1990-2018, including emissions of the six major GHGs from most major sources and sinks. Non-CO2 emissions are expressed in CO2 equivalents using 100-year global warming potential values from IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Climate Watch Historical GHG Emissions data (previously published through CAIT Climate Data Explorer) are derived from several sources. Any use of the Land-Use Change and Forestry or Agriculture indicator should be cited as FAO 2020, FAOSTAT Emissions Database. Any use of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion data should be cited as CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, OECD/IEA, 2020.


Annual methane emissions at operating coal mines (Mt CO2e 100 years)

Methane emissions from operating coal mining (Mt CO2eq) is generated from the Global Coal Mine Tracker (GCMT). The GCMT provides information on the world’s major coal mines: every operating mine producing 3 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) or greater, and every proposed mine with a capacity of 1 mtpa or greater. The map and underlying data are updated bi-annually, in January and July. With each update, coverage is expanded to include smaller mines. By January 2022, GCMT will have cataloged every coal mine producing 1 mtpa or greater. Each mine included in the tracker is linked to a wiki page on GEM.wiki, which provides additional details. GCMT was accessed in July 2021 to generate this data.

Global Coal Mine Tracker, Global Energy Monitor. Available at: https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-coal-mine-tracker/


Annual CO2 combustion emissions at operating coal mines (Mt CO2)

CO2 emissions from operating coal mining (Mt CO2eq) is generated from the Global Coal Mine Tracker (GCMT). The GCMT provides information on the world’s major coal mines: every operating mine producing 3 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) or greater, and every proposed mine with a capacity of 1 mtpa or greater. The map and underlying data are updated bi-annually, in January and July. With each update, coverage is expanded to include smaller mines. By January 2022, GCMT will have cataloged every coal mine producing 1 mtpa or greater. Each mine included in the tracker is linked to a wiki page on GEM.wiki, which provides additional details. GCMT was accessed in July 2021 to generate this data.


Annual methane emisssions at proposed coal projects (Mt CO2e 100 years)

Methane emissions from proposed coal mining (Mt CO2eq) is generated from the Global Coal Mine Tracker (GCMT). The GCMT provides information on the world’s major coal mines: every operating mine producing 3 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) or greater, and every proposed mine with a capacity of 1 mtpa or greater. The map and underlying data are updated bi-annually, in January and July. With each update, coverage is expanded to include smaller mines. By January 2022, GCMT will have cataloged every coal mine producing 1 mtpa or greater. Each mine included in the tracker is linked to a wiki page on GEM.wiki, which provides additional details. GCMT was accessed in July 2021 to generate this data.


Annual CO2 combustion emissions at proposed coal projects (Mt CO2)


Annual coal production (Mt per year) - Operating


Annual coal production (Mt per year) - Proposed Projects (Total)


Children under 5 years of age who are stunted (% of total)

Children under 5 years of age who are stunted reflects modelled estimate from the Suite of Food Security Indicators on FAOSTAT. Suite of Food Security Indicators presents the core set of food security indicators. Following the recommendation of experts gathered in the Committee on World Food Security (CFS) Round Table on hunger measurement, hosted at FAO headquarters in September 2011, an initial set of indicators aiming to capture various aspects of food insecurity is presented on FAOSTAT. The choice of the indicators has been informed by expert judgment and the availability of data with sufficient coverage to enable comparisons across regions and over time. Many of these indicators are produced and published elsewhere by FAO and other international organizations. They are reported on FAOSTAT in a single database with the aim of building a wide food security information system. More indicators will be added to this set as more data will become available. Indicators are classified along the four dimensions of food security -- availability, access, utilization and stability. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO license (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). In addition to this license, some database specific terms of use are listed: Terms of Use of Datasets.


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - AFOLU

The FAOSTAT domain Emissions Totals summarizes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated from agriculture and forest land. They consist of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from crop and livestock activities, forest management and include land use and land use change processes. Data are computed at Tier 1 of the IPCC Guidelines for National greenhouse gas (GHG) Inventories (IPCC, 1996; 1997; 2000; 2002; 2006; 2014). Estimates are available by country, with global coverage for the period 1961–2019 with projections for 2030 and 2050 for some categories of emissions or 1990–2019 for others. The database is updated annually.  The FAOSTAT domain Emissions Totals disseminates information estimates of CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions/removals and their aggregates in CO2eq in units of kilotonnes (kt, or 106 kg). The latter are computed by using the IPCC Fifth Assessment report global warming potentials, AR5 (IPCC, 2014).

FAO, FAOSTAT Climate Change, Emissions Totals, http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/GT.


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - Emissions on agricultural land


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - Farm-gate emissions


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils


Emission Totals - Direct emissions (N2O) - Synthetic Fertilizers


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - AFOLU


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Agricultural Soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Burning - Crop residues


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Crop Residues


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Drained organic soils (CO2)


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Drained organic soils (N2O)


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Drained organic soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Emissions on agricultural land


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Enteric Fermentation


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Forest fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Farm-gate emissions


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Forestland


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Fires in organic soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Fires in humid tropical forests


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - IPCC Agriculture


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Land Use change


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - LULUCF


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Manure left on Pasture


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Manure Management


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Net Forest conversion


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - On-farm energy use


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Rice Cultivation


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Manure applied to Soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Synthetic Fertilizers


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) (AR5) - Savanna fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - AFOLU


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Burning - Crop residues


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Emissions on agricultural land


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Enteric Fermentation


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Forest fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Farm-gate emissions


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Fires in organic soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Fires in humid tropical forests


Capacity of Liquefied Natural Gas export terminals (Mt per year) - Cancelled


Capacity of Liquefied Natural Gas export terminals (Mt per year) - In Development (Proposed + Construction)


Capacity of Liquefied Natural Gas export terminals (Mt per year) - Operating


Capacity of Liquefied Natural Gas export terminals (Mt per year) - Shelved


Capacity of Liquefied Natural Gas import terminals (Mt per year) - Cancelled


Capacity of Liquefied Natural Gas import terminals (Mt per year) - In Development (Proposed + Construction)


Capacity of Liquefied Natural Gas import terminals (Mt per year) - Operating


Capacity of Liquefied Natural Gas import terminals (Mt per year) - Shelved


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - IPCC Agriculture


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Land Use change


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - LULUCF


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Manure Management


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - On-farm energy use


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Rice Cultivation


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from CH4 (AR5) - Savanna fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - AFOLU


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Burning - Crop residues


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Emissions on agricultural land


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Enteric Fermentation


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Forest fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Farm-gate emissions


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Fires in organic soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Fires in humid tropical forests


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - IPCC Agriculture


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Land Use change


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - LULUCF


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Manure Management


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - On-farm energy use


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Rice Cultivation


Emission Totals - Emissions (CH4) - Savanna fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - AFOLU


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - Drained organic soils (CO2)


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - Emissions on agricultural land


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - Farm-gate emissions


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - Forestland


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - Fires in organic soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - Land Use change


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - LULUCF


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - Net Forest conversion


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2) - On-farm energy use


Per capita daily coal consumption (short tons per capita per day)

Per capita data has been generated by World Bank staff by taking Energy consumption data [U.S EIA] and applying country population data from the World Bank Group - World Development Indicators.

U.S Energy Information Administration. Available at: https://www.eia.gov/opendata/


Per capita daily gas consumption (thousand cubic feet per capita per day)


Per capita daily oil consumption (barrels per capita per day)


CO2 emissions per dollar of manufacturing value added (kgCO2 per constant 2010 US$)

This indicator presents CO2 emissions that can be attributed to each dollar generated from manufacturing value add. Data is taken from the United Nations Sustainable Goals, representing Indicator 9.4.1: Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of manufacturing value added (kilogrammes of CO2 per constant 2015 United States dollars).

UN Open Data Hub. Available at: https://unstats-undesa.opendata.arcgis.com/


Energy intensity of the economy (kWh per 2011$PPP)

Energy intensity is measured as primary energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product. This is measured in kilowatt-hours per 2011$ (PPP).

Our World in Data based on BP; World Bank; and Maddison Project Database


Average practical solar potential (kWh/kWp/day)

Solar potential reflects analysis based on high-resolution datasets and GIS mask layers by Solargis's (https://solargis.com/) . These indicators have been generated as part of the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program [ESMAP]. Further information is available at: https://www.esmap.org/. Visualization of the data can be found at: https://globalsolaratlas.info/map.

Global Photovoltaic Power Potential By Country, generated by Solaris, with ESMAP and World Bank Group contributions. Available at: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/search/dataset/0038379


Total steelmaking capacity (thousand tonnes per annum)

Steel making capacity is generated from the Global Steel Plant Tracker (GSPT). The GSPT provides information on global crude steel production plants, and includes information on every plant currently operating at a capacity of one million tonnes per year (mtpa) or more of crude steel. The GSPT is currently being expanded to include all plants meeting the one mtpa threshold that have been proposed since 2017 or retired or mothballed since 2020. Steel plants consist of multiple units, depending on the iron and steel production method used. Crude steel is typically produced through coal-based methods (blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace or open hearth furnace) or electricity-based production (electric arc furnace charged with scrap metal, pig iron, direct reduced iron, or a combination). The GSPT map and underlying data are updated annually in January. Each plant included in the tracker is linked to a wiki page on GEM.wiki, which provides additional details. GSPT was accessed in July 2021 to generate this data.

Global Steel Plant Tracker, Global Energy Monitor. Available at: https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-steel-plant-tracker/


Fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies (consumption and production) USD per capita

This indicator presents the pre-tax subsidies (consumption and production) on fossil fuels as an index of USD per capita. Data is taken from the United Nations Sustainable Goals, representing Indicator 12.c.1: Fossil-fuel subsidies (consumption and production) per capita (constant United States dollars).


Offshore wind potential - Per capita (kW/cap)

The offshore wind technical potential is an estimate of the amount of generation capacity that could be technically feasible, considering only wind speed and water depth. This is intended as an initial, high-level estimate and does not look at other technical, environmental, social, or economic constraints. These indicators have been generated as part of the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program [ESMAP]. Further information is available at: https://www.esmap.org/. Visualization of the data can be found at: https://globalwindatlas.info/

Global Offshore Wind Technical Potential, the World Bank Group. Available at: https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/search/dataset/0037787/Global-Offshore-Wind-Technical-Potential


Lifetime CO2 emissions from coal plants (Mt CO2) is generated from the Global Coal Plant Tracker (GCPT). The GCPT provides information on coal-fired power units from around the world generating 30 megawatts and above. The GCPT catalogues every operating coal-fired generating unit, every new unit proposed since 2010, and every unit retired since 2000. Units often consist of a boiler and turbine, and several units may make up one coal-fired power station. The map and underlying data is updated bi-annually, in January and July. Each plant included in the tracker is linked to a wiki page on GEM.wiki, which provides additional details. GCPT was accessed in July 2021 to generate this data.

Global Coal Plant Tracker, Global Energy Monitor. Available at: https://globalenergymonitor.org/projects/global-coal-plant-tracker/


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - AFOLU


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Agricultural Soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Burning - Crop residues


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Crop Residues


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Drained organic soils (N2O)


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Emissions on agricultural land


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Forest fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Farm-gate emissions


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Fires in humid tropical forests


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - IPCC Agriculture


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Land Use change


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - LULUCF


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Manure left on Pasture


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Manure Management


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - On-farm energy use


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Manure applied to Soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Synthetic Fertilizers


Emission Totals - Emissions (CO2eq) from N2O (AR5) - Savanna fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - AFOLU


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Agricultural Soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Burning - Crop residues


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Crop Residues


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Drained organic soils (N2O)


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Emissions on agricultural land


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Forest fires


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Farm-gate emissions


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Fires in humid tropical forests


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - IPCC Agriculture


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Land Use change


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - LULUCF


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure left on Pasture


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure Management


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - On-farm energy use


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Manure applied to Soils


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Synthetic Fertilizers


Emission Totals - Emissions (N2O) - Savanna fires


Total energy tax revenue (% of GDP)

Revenues from taxes raised on energy products (fossil fuels and electricity) including those used in transportation (petrol and diesel). This includes all CO2-related taxes.

Policy Instrument for the Environment Data Base, OECD. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/env/indicators-modelling-outlooks/policy-instrument-database/


Total environmental tax revenue (% of GDP)


Comparative advantage in environmental goods (index)

Environmental goods include both goods connected to environmental protection—such as goods related to pollution management and resource management—and adapted goods—which are goods that have been specifically modified to be more “environmentally friendly” or “cleaner.”    Comparative advantage is a measure of the relative advantage or disadvantage a particular country has in a certain class of goods (in this case, environmental goods), and can be used to evaluate export potential in that class of goods. Environmental goods include both goods connected to environmental protection—such as goods related to pollution management and resource management—and adapted goods—which are goods that have been specifically modified to be more “environmentally friendly” or “cleaner.” A value greater than one indicates a relative advantage in environmental goods, while a value of less than one indicates a relative disadvantage.

IMF Climate Change Dashboard. Data sources: UN Comtrade, DESA/UNSD; IMF staff calculations.


Trade in environmental goods as share of total exports (%)

Environmental goods include both goods connected to environmental protection—such as goods related to pollution management and resource management—and adapted goods—which are goods that have been specifically modified to be more “environmentally friendly” or “cleaner.”    A relatively high share of environmental goods imports indicates that a country purchases a significant share of environmental goods from other countries. A relatively high share of environmental goods exports indicates that a country produces and sells a significant share of environmental goods to other countries. A country’s environmental goods trade balance is the difference between its exports and imports of environmental goods.


Trade in environmental goods as share of total imports (%)


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Agriculture - Female

Employment of Females within Agriculture is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.

Global Jobs Indicators Database, The World Bank. Available at: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/global-jobs-indicators-database-(join)


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Agriculture - Male

Employment of Males within Agriculture is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Commerce - Female

Employment of Females within Commerce is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Commerce - Male

Employment of Males within Commerce is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Construction - Female

Employment of Females within Construction is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Construction - Male

Employment of Males within Construction is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Electricity and utilities - Female

Employment of Females within Electricity and Utilities is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Electricity and utilities - Male

Employment of Males within Electricity and Utilities is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Financial and Business Services - Female

Employment of Females within Financial and Business Services is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Financial and Business Services - Male

Employment of Males within Financial and Business Services is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Industry - Female

Employment of Females within Industry is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Industry - Male

Employment of Males within Industry is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Manufacturing - Female

Employment of Females within Manufacturing is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.


Employment by sector and gender (% of total) - Manufacturing - Male

Employment of Males within Manufacturing is disaggregated from the Global Jobs Indicators Database. The Database covers socio-demographics, labor force status and employment type, employment composition by sector and occupation, education level completed, hours worked, and earnings. The database was compiled from national surveys and subnational microdata which was first harmonized for the Bank-wide I2D2 database, then quality checked by the Jobs Group.