Each producer or packer is responsible for financing the management of waste coming from their own products or packaging. They may choose to fulfill this obligation individually – by rendering financial guarantees that ensure the costs of managing waste from their products so these will not fall upon other producers or consumers – or by joining a waste compliance scheme to which they transfer their responsibility to. See alsp Directive 2008/98/EC on waste and repealing certain Directives, last amended on 14.6.2018 Article 8(1): https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02008L0098-20180705