No exemption from competition rules was found with respect to Trenitalia Cargo. In addition, Directive 2012/34/EU explicitly imposes on national authorities the obligation to promote competition.                                Decreto Legislativo 112/2015 applies Directive 2012/34/EU  establishing a single European railway area. This Directive has been modified by the Directive 2016/2370. The Legislative Decree 23 nov. 2018 n. 139 transposes the amending directive. 