With the exception of direct reporting companies, the reporting of direct investment transactions is not mandatory for transactions under EUR 15 million.  For outward FDI positions: Foreign Direct Investment Enterprises are included in the population of foreign affiliates only when their book value exceeds EUR 5 million or when the price paid by their direct investor to buy them is greater than EUR 5 million.The amount of direct investments in subsidiaries below the threshold is estimated on a global basis.