regarding pharmaceutical prices: 1) Outpatient sector: External Price Referencing (EPR) is applied for reimbursable medicines with an application for inclusion in the code of reimbursement (Erstattungskodex, EKO), which is the outpatient positive list. EPR also applies for those medicines not included in the EKO whose sales at the expense of social health insurance exceed a defined threshold (see below). As of 2020, reference countries are all other European Union (EU) Member States; the price must not exceed the EU average. A minimum of price data of two EU Member States is required to derive the benchmark price.