The answers relate to the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) scheme. It is mandatory for all 'NHS Standard Contracts'. CQUIN is not strictly a bonus payment as providers do not perceive CQUIN as a ‘bonus’. It is effectively a top-slice of core income which is part of NHS standard contracts for which specific requirements need to be met by providers in order to receive the funding.  Clinical outcomes of care is only considered indirectly.