Pursuant to Part  IV.1 of the Investment  Canada  Act, the Canadian government can review foreign investment that could be injurious to national security. Under  this Part of the Act, if national security threats associated with investments in Canada by non-Canadians are identified, primarily by Canada's security and intelligence agencies, they will be brought to the attention of the Minister of Industry. Once identified, the Minister of Industry, after consultation with the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness is  responsible for deciding whether to refer these investments to the Governor in Council (GIC). The GIC is responsible for determining whether a review should be ordered. Once the GIC orders a  review, the Minister of  Industry, after consultation with the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, conducts the review and, if required, submits a report to the GIC with recommendations. The GIC has the authority to take any measures in respect of the investment that it considers advisable to protect national security.
"Definitions
3 In this Act, [...]
Canadian means
(a) a Canadian citizen,
(b) a permanent resident within the meaning of subsection 2(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act who has been ordinarily resident in Canada for not more than one year after the time at which he or she first became eligible to apply for Canadian citizenship,
(c) a Canadian government, whether federal, provincial or local, or an agency thereof, or
(d) an entity that is Canadian-controlled, as determined under subsection 26(1) or (2) and in respect of which there has been no determination made under any of subsections 26(2.1), (2.11) and (2.31) or declaration made under subsection 26(2.2) or (2.32); (Canadien)
Canadian business means a business carried on in Canada that has
(a) a place of business in Canada,
(b) an individual or individuals in Canada who are employed or self-employed in connection with the business, and
(c) assets in Canada used in carrying on the business; (entreprise canadienne)
[...]
PART II - Exemptions [...]
Exempt transactions — Part IV.1
(2) Part IV.1 does not apply in respect of
(a) the acquisition of control of a Canadian business in connection with the realization of security granted for a loan or other financial assistance and not for any purpose related to the provisions of this Act, if the acquisition is subject to approval under the Bank Act, the Cooperative Credit Associations Act, the Insurance Companies Act or the Trust and Loan Companies Act;
(b) the acquisition of control of a Canadian business by reason of an amalgamation, a merger, a consolidation or a corporate reorganization following which the ultimate direct or indirect control in fact of the Canadian business, through the ownership of voting interests, remains unchanged, if the acquisition is subject to approval under the Bank Act, the Cooperative Credit Associations Act, the Insurance Companies Act or the Trust and Loan Companies Act;
(c) the acquisition of control of a Canadian business carried on by an agent of Her Majesty in right of Canada or a province or by a Crown corporation within the meaning of the Financial Administration Act;
(d) any transaction to which Part XII.01 of the Bank Act applies; or
(e) the acquisition of control of a Canadian business by any of the following entities, if the acquisition is subject to approval under the Bank Act, the Cooperative Credit Associations Act, the Insurance Companies Act or the Trust and Loan Companies Act:
(i) an insurance company incorporated in Canada that is a company or a provincial company to which the Insurance Companies Act applies, on the condition that the gross investment revenue of the company from the Canadian business is included in computing the income of the company under subsection 138(9) of the Income Tax Act,
(ii) a foreign entity that has been approved by order of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions under Part XIII of the Insurance Companies Act to insure in Canada risks, on the condition that the gross investment revenue of the company from the Canadian business is included in computing the income of the company under subsection 138(9) of the Income Tax Act and the voting interests of the entity carrying on the Canadian business, or the assets used in carrying on the Canadian business, are vested in trust under that Part, or
(iii) a corporation incorporated in Canada, all the issued voting shares of which, other than the qualifying voting shares of directors, are owned by an insurance company described in subparagraph (i), by a foreign entity described in subparagraph (ii) or by a corporation controlled directly or indirectly through the ownership of voting shares by such an insurance company or foreign entity, on the condition that, in the case of a foreign entity described in subparagraph (ii), the voting interests of the entity carrying on the Canadian business, or the assets used in carrying on the Canadian business, are vested in trust under Part XIII of the Insurance Companies Act.
[...]
PART IV.1 - Investments Injurious to National Security
Application
25.1 This Part applies in respect of an investment, implemented or proposed, by a non-Canadian
(a) to establish a new Canadian business;
(b) to acquire control of a Canadian business in any manner described in subsection 28(1); or
(c) to acquire, in whole or in part, or to establish an entity carrying on all or any part of its operations in Canada if the entity has
(i) a place of operations in Canada,
(ii) an individual or individuals in Canada who are employed or self-employed in connection with the entity’s operations, or
(iii) assets in Canada used in carrying on the entity’s operations.
[...]
Reviewable investments
25.3 (1) An investment is reviewable under this Part if the Minister, after consultation with the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness, considers that the investment could be injurious to national security and the Governor in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister, makes an order within the prescribed period for the review of the investment.
Notice
(2) The Minister shall, without delay after the order has been made, send to the non-Canadian making the investment and to any person or entity from which the Canadian business or the entity referred to in paragraph 25.1(c) is being acquired, a notice indicating that an order for the review of the investment has been made and advising them of their right to make representations to the Minister.
Condition for investment
(3) If a non-Canadian has not implemented a proposed investment when they receive a notice under subsection (2), they shall not implement the investment unless they receive
(a) a notice under paragraph (6)(b) indicating that no further action will be taken in respect of the investment; or
(b) a copy of an order made under section 25.4 authorizing the investment to be implemented.
[...]
Governor in Council’s powers
25.4 (1) On the referral of an investment under paragraph 25.3(6)(a) or subsection 25.3(7), the Governor in Council may, by order, within the prescribed period, take any measures in respect of the investment that he or she considers advisable to protect national security, including
(a) directing the non-Canadian not to implement the investment;
(b) authorizing the investment on condition that the non-Canadian
(i) give any written undertakings to Her Majesty in right of Canada relating to the investment that the Governor in Council considers necessary in the circumstances, or
(ii) implement the investment on the terms and conditions contained in the order; or
(c) requiring the non-Canadian to divest themselves of control of the Canadian business or of their investment in the entity.
[...]
PART V - Rules and Presumptions [...]
Manner of acquiring control
28 (1) For the purposes of this Act, a non-Canadian acquires control of a Canadian business only by
(a) the acquisition of voting shares of a corporation incorporated in Canada carrying on the Canadian business;
(b) the acquisition of voting interests of an entity that
(i) is carrying on the Canadian business, or
(ii) controls, directly or indirectly, another entity carrying on the Canadian business, where there is no acquisition of control of any corporation;
(c) the acquisition of all or substantially all of the assets used in carrying on the Canadian business; or
(d) the acquisition of voting interests of an entity that controls, directly or indirectly, an entity in Canada carrying on the Canadian business, where
(i) there is no acquisition of control, directly or indirectly, of a corporation incorporated elsewhere than in Canada that controls, directly or indirectly, an entity in Canada carrying on the Canadian business, or
(ii) there is an acquisition of control described in subparagraph (i).
Rules and presumptions respecting control of entities
(2) Subject to subsections (4) to (5), (6.1) and (6.2), for the purposes of this Act,
(a) where one entity controls another entity, it is deemed to control indirectly any entity or entities controlled directly or indirectly by that other entity;
(b) an entity controls another entity directly
(i) where the controlling entity owns a majority of the voting interests of the other entity, or
(ii) where the other entity is a corporation and the controlling entity owns less than a majority of the voting shares of the corporation but controls the corporation in fact through the ownership of one-third or more of its voting shares;
(c) entities that are controlled, directly or indirectly, by the same entity are deemed to be associated with each other, with any other entities controlled by any one or combination of them and with the entity or entities that control them; and
(d) where entities that are associated pursuant to paragraph (c) own voting interests of the same entity, the associated entities may be treated as one entity for the purposes of establishing direct or indirect control of the entity in which they own voting interests.
Presumptions respecting acquisition of control
(3) Subject to subsections (4) to (5), (6.1) and (6.2), for the purposes of this Act,
(a) the acquisition of a majority of the voting interests of an entity or of a majority of the undivided ownership interests in the voting shares of an entity that is a corporation is deemed to be acquisition of control of that entity;
(b) the acquisition of less than a majority of the voting interests of an entity other than a corporation is deemed not to be acquisition of control of that entity;
(c) the acquisition of less than a majority but one-third or more of the voting shares of a corporation or of an equivalent undivided ownership interest in the voting shares of the corporation is presumed to be acquisition of control of that corporation unless it can be established that, on the acquisition, the corporation is not controlled in fact by the acquirer through the ownership of voting shares; and
(d) the acquisition of less than one-third of the voting shares of a corporation or of an equivalent undivided ownership interest in the voting shares of the corporation is deemed not to be acquisition of control of that corporation." (Investment Canada Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 28 (1st Supp.)), last amended on 2018-12-30, Sections 3, 10, 25.1, 25.3, 25.4 and 28)
Investment Canada Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. 28 (1st Supp.)), last amended on 2018-12-30, Sections 3, 10, 25.1, 25.3, 25.4 and 28
[<a href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-21.8/20181230/P1TT3xt3.html#h-278745">Act</a>]