Law of 11 May 2012, No 56 establishes a mechanism for government review of transactions regarding assets of companies operating in the sectors of defence or national security, as well as in strategic activities in the energy, transport and communications sectors. In the defence and national security sectors, the Government may act through the exercise of special powers as follows: the imposition of specific conditions on acquisitions of participations in companies engaged in strategic activities; the veto on decisions regarding those companies or ownership structure; the opposition to the acquisition of ownership in such companies by subjects other than the Italian State, Italian public entities or entities under their control, in cases where these acquisitions would lead to voting rights that may compromise interests of defence or national security. In the sectors of energy, transport and communications, the government’s special powers consist in: the veto on or the authorisation of, under specific conditions, decisions, acts or operations concerning strategic assets; the imposition of specific conditions to make effective acquisitions by non EU investors of companies owning strategic assets. In exceptional cases and when the above-mentioned acquisition determines control rights, the Government has the right of opposition to the entire acquisition by buyers from outside the EU (in compliance with article 49 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union). This system was put in place to overcome the retirement of the "golden share" system. With respect to the Energy, Transportation and Communications sectors, the Decree requires that a company notify the Italian Government of any resolutions it adopts that would have the effect of changing such company’s ownership structure or purpose, or winding up such company’s business. The Italian government is entitled to impose specific conditions to those resolutions, acts or transactions that would give rise to an exceptional situation of an actual threat of serious injury to public interests relating to the security and functioning of networks and systems and the continuity of supplies.
The Decree-Law 21 September 2019, n.105, converted into law, with amendments, by Law 18 November 2019, n.133 brought changes to Italy’s rules on special powers that are laid down in Law No.56 of 11 May 2012. Among others, the changes:
- broaden the criteria for the evaluation of investment projects under the scope of the “golden powers” regime by adding to the factors to consider: government-control of the would-be acquirer; previous actions that threated essential security interests of Italy or another EU Member State; and the probability that the would-be acquirer engage in illegal activities; and
- strengthen the sanctions regime associated with the review mechanisms.
In response to the economic circumstances that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, Italy made temporary modifications to the “golden powers” mechanism with effect from 9 April 2020. The changes temporarily expand the scope of the powers to cover additional sectors that are declared strategic; enables the authorities to open reviews ex-officio where companies do not fulfil the notifications obligations; and expand the scope of the powers to acquisitions from within the EU and lower the trigger threshold for acquisitions from outside the EU to 10%.
On 25 December 2020, Law No.176 of 18 December 2020, entered into force. Among others, the law extends the temporary application of changes to the investment review mechanism that had initially been brought by Decree Law 8 April 2020, n.23. until 30 June 2021. On 30 April 2021, the application of the temporary rules was further extended until 31 December 2021 pursuant to Decree-Law No. 56 of 30 April 2021.
On 14 January 2021, Decrees of the President of the Council of Ministers No.179 and No.180 entered into force. The Decrees identify which assets and interests are subject to Italy’s foreign investment review mechanisms. The new measures clarify and expand the scope of application of the review of acquisitions that require prior government approval. The process covers assets and sectors of strategic importance to the national interest, and include sectors such as energy, water, health, data and sensitive information, financial services, artificial intelligence and media, as well as transport (ports, airports etc.), and broadband and ultra-broadband services.
On 21 March 2022, the Italian Government issued Decree-Law n. 21, adopting urgent measures to counter the Ukrainian crisis, which confirmed the regime introduced in the COVID-19 pandemic context and amended the foreign investment review mechanism, known as “Golden Powers”, established by Decree-Law n.21 of 15 March 2012 converted, with amendments, into law by Law n.65 of 11 May 2012. The Decree-Law: adds transactions that affect the ownership, control of availability of defence and national security assets to the sectors that are subject to the prior notification procedure; imposes prior notification obligation hitherto applicable only to would-be acquirers also to the acquisition targets; expands the industrial sectors considered strategic for the national security beyond the sectors of energy, transport and communication; and provides for the possibility that the Government establish a simplified prior notification procedure. The Decree-Law entered into force on 22 March 2022 with the exception of the extension of the industrial sectors considered strategic for the national security, which will enter into force only on 1 January 2023. The Decree-Law was converted with modifications into Law no.51 of 20 May 2022.
On 15 July 2022, the Parliament adopted Law No.91 introducing amendments to Decree-Law No.50 of 17 May 2022. According to it, concessions for “cultivation of geothermal resources” become relevant under the scope of the national discipline. 
On 21 September 2022, Decree No.189 entered into force, which introduces measures to coordinate the regimes for tender procedures and mandatory notifications under the “golden powers”, the Italian screening mechanism. Furthermore, the Decree provides for simplification measures for the notification of foreign direct investments in the specific case of concessions. 
On 24 September 2022, Decree No.133 entered into force. The Act introduced an option for investors to file a pre-notification notice on a prospected transaction. With 30 days from the filing, the Presidency of the Council shall notify if the transaction falls within the scope of the screening procedure. In case of a positive answer, it shall also specify whether there are grounds for the exercise of the special powers. The Act also introduces simplification measures for all cases of non-exercise of the special powers.
"Art. 7 Pre-notification
2. Within thirty days of the information referred to in paragraph 1 the Department for the administrative coordination of the Presidency of Council of Ministers, following the resolutions taken by Coordination group, communicates to the company that: a. the operation subject to pre-notification does not fall within the scope of application of the decree -law of 15 March 2012, n. 21, as formal notification is consequently not due; b. the operation subject to pre-notification is likely to fall within the scope of the legislative decree of 15 March 2012, n. 21, in which case the company is required to carry out the notification provided for by articles 1 and 2 of decree -law no. 21 of 2012; c. the operation subject to pre-notification falls within the scope of application of the decree -law of 15 March 2012, n. 21 , but the conditions for the exercise of special powers are manifestly non-existent. [...]" (DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 1 August 2022, n. 133, Article 7 [google translation])
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"Article 1 Scope
1. This decree regulates, in implementation of the art. 2-quater, paragraph 2-bis, of the legislative decree of 15 March 2012, n. 21, mechanisms for connecting the notification obligation and tender procedures e measures to simplify notification methods and deadlines and the procedures relating to the investigation of proceedings falling within the scope of application of the legislative decree of 15 March 2012, no. 21[...]
Article 2 Connection mechanisms in the pre-notification phase
1. The contracting authority, public or private, may transmit to the Department for the administrative coordination of the Presidency of Council of Ministers information on the tender procedure, too prior to the publication of the tender notice, providing all the documents and information, as available, provided for the formal notification, including the decision to contract, the tender notice [...]
2. Within thirty days of the information referred to in paragraph 1 the Department for the administrative coordination of the Presidency of
Council of Ministers, following the resolutions taken by Coordination group, communicates to the contracting authority that:
a. the subject of the pre-notification is out of scope application of the legislative decree of 15 March 2012, n. 21, not appearing consequently formal notification is due; b. the subject of the pre-notification is likely to return within the scope of the legislative decree of 15 March 2012, n. 21, in in which case the notification provided for in articles 1 and 2 must be carried out decree-law n. 21 of 2012; c. the subject of the pre-notification falls within the scope of application of the legislative decree of 15 March 2012, n. 21, but they are manifestly the conditions for the exercise of special powers are non-existent.
3. In the cases referred to in paragraph 2, letters b) and c), the Coordination Group, upon proposal of the Ministry responsible for the investigation and the proposal for the possible exercise of the special powers, following a preliminary assessment on the subject of the pre-notification, may provide recommendations. [...]
Article 3 Notification and terms of proceedings
1. The contracting authority and the company receiving the proposal awarding authority may carry out the notification referred to in Articles 1 and 2 of legislative decree no. 21 of 2012, even prior to award proposal and from the moment of conclusion of the phase of evaluation of the offers and selection of the best ones bidders, without prejudice to the notification obligations established by the articles 1 and 2 of legislative decree no. 21 of 2012. [...]
4. The notification obligations provided for by the remain unchanged decree-law n. 21 of 2012 in the case of the purchase of shareholdings in companies already holding concessions, as well as deeds which modify the ownership, control, or availability of strategic assets held by them." (DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 1 September n. 189 Articles 1, 2 and 3 [google translation])
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" Annex - AMENDMENTS MADE DURING THE CONVERSION TO THE DECREE-LAW 17 MAY 2022, N. 50 [...]
In Article 6: [...]
after paragraph 2 the following are added:
«2-bis. Article 2, paragraph 1, of the legislative decree of 15 March 2012, no. 21, converted, with amendments, by law 11 May 2012, no. 56, after the words: "hydroelectric derivation" are insert the following: "and cultivation of geothermal resources".[...]" (Law No. 91 of 15 July 2022 [google translation])
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"Article 1 Special powers in the areas of defense and national security
1. [...] the following special powers in case of threat of serious harm to the essential interests of defense and national security: [...]
b) veto on the adoption of resolutions, acts or operations of the assembly or administrative bodies of a company referred to in letter a), which have the effect of changes in ownership, of the control or availability ((of the assets identified in pursuant to the same letter a) )), including those concerning the merger or split of the company, the transfer of the company or branches of it or of controlled companies, the transfer of the registered office abroad, modification of the object company, the dissolution of the company, the modification of clauses statutory provisions possibly adopted pursuant to article 2351, third paragraph of the civil code or introduced pursuant to article 3, paragraph 1, of the legislative decree of 31 May 1994, n. 332 , converted, with amendments, by law 30 July 1994, n. 474 , as last modified by article 3 of this decree, the transfers of real rights or rights of use relating to tangible or intangible assets, the assignment of the same as a guarantee or the assumption of constraints that affect their use, also due to subjecting the company to insolvency proceedings; [...]
5. For the purposes of any exercise of the powers referred to in paragraph 1, letters a) and c), anyone who acquires a stake in companies which carry out activities of strategic importance for the system defense and national security, where possible in conjunction with company whose shareholdings are the subject of the purchase, notification the same acquisition within ten days to the Presidency of Council of Ministers, while transmitting information necessary, including a general description of the project acquisition, of the buyer and its scope of operations, for the assessments referred to in paragraph 3. In cases where the notification is not carried out jointly by all the parties to the procedure indicated to the first period, the notifying company transmits, at the same time to the notification, an information note containing the essential elements of the operation and of the same notification, to the company whose participations are subject to purchase, in order to allow their participation in the proceedings, providing proof of the relevant reception. [...] Within fifteen days of notification, the acquired company may present memos and documents to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. [...] The purchasing company and the company whose shareholdings are the subject of the purchase who do not comply with the conditions imposed are also subject, except for the fact constitutes a crime, to a pecuniary administrative sanction equal to double the value of the operation and in any case not less than 1 per percent of the turnover achieved in the last financial year for which it is the budget was approved.
[...]
Art. 1-bis (Special powers relating to electronic communications services a broadband with 5G technology, based on cloud technology and others active).
1. For the purposes of exercising the special powers referred to herein article, constitute activities of strategic importance for the defense system and national security communications services broadband electronics based on 5G technology. [...]
2. Without prejudice to the obligations established pursuant to Legislative Decree 21 September 2019, n. 105 , converted, with amendments, by law 18 November 2019, n. 133 , companies that, even through contracts or agreements, intend to acquire, for any reason, goods or services relating to design, construction, maintenance and to the management of the activities referred to in paragraph 1, or administrative components high technological intensity functional to the aforementioned realization o management, notify, before proceeding with the aforementioned acquisition, to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers an annual plan [...]
3. The notification referred to in paragraph 2 is sent annually, before proceeding with the implementation of the plan, save the possibility of update, following communication to the Presidency of the Council of ministers, the same plan during the year, on a regular basis quarterly. Within thirty days of notification, by decree of President of the Council of Ministers, adopted on compliant resolution of the Council of Ministers, the annual plan referred to in art paragraph 2, subject to any imposition of requirements or conditions, or approval is denied with the exercise of the power of veto. [...]
Article 2 Special powers inherent to strategic assets in the sectors energy, transport and communications [...]
2-bis. Any resolution, act or operation adopted by a company that holds one or more of the assets identified pursuant to of paragraph 1-ter, which has the effect of changes in ownership, of the control or availability of the same assets in favor of a subject outside the European Union, referred to in paragraph 5-bis, or, in the sectors identified in the second sentence of paragraph 5, also in favor of a subject belonging to the European Union, therein including those established or resident in Italy [...]
5. The purchase of any kind by an external party to the European Union of shareholdings in companies that hold the assets identified as strategic [...] it is notified, where possible jointly with the company whose participations are subject to purchase, within ten days of Presidency of the Council of Ministers, together with each useful information for the general description of the project acquisition, the buyer and its scope of operations. In the sectors of communications, energy, transport, health, agri-food and financial, including credit and insurance, are subject to the notification obligation referred to in the first period also includes purchases, for any reason, of shareholdings from part of entities belonging to the European Union, including therein those resident in Italy [...] In cases where notification is not made jointly by all parties to the operation indicated in the first e in the second period, the notifying company transmits, at the same time as the notification, an information note containing the essential elements of the operation and of the notification itself, to companies whose shareholdings are the subject of the purchase, for the purpose of allow their participation in the proceedings, providing proof of relative reception. They are subject to the notification obligation referred to in This article also includes purchases of shareholdings by foreign entities not belonging to the European Union, in companies that hold the assets identified as strategic pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 1-ter, which attribute a share of the voting rights or the capital of at least 10 percent , taking into account the shares or shares already directly or indirectly owned, when the value total investment is equal to or greater than one million euro, and the acquisitions that determine the. are also notified exceeding the thresholds of 15 percent, 20 percent, 25 percent and 50 percent of the capital. [...]
6. If the purchase referred to in paragraph 5 involves a threat of serious damage to the essential interests of the State referred to in paragraph 3 or a danger to safety or public order, [...] Within fifteen days
from the notification, the acquired company can present briefs and documents to the Presidency of the Council of Ministers. 
[...]
Article 2 Special powers inherent to strategic assets in the sectors energy, transport and communications [amended by LAW 20 May 2022, n. 51] [...]
5-bis. For the purposes referred to in article 1 and herein article, by entity outside the European Union we mean:
a) any natural person who does not have the citizenship of one Member State of the European Union;
b) any natural person who has the citizenship of one Member State of the European Union and who does not have residence, the habitual residence or main place of business in a State member of the European Union or the European Economic Area or not is in any case established there;
c) any legal person that does not have its registered office or of the administration or the main activity center in one Member State of the European Union or the European Economic Area or which is not in any case established there;
d) any legal person that has established its registered office or the administration or the main business center in one Member State of the European Union or the European Economic Area, or which is in any case established there, and which is controlled, directly or indirectly, by a natural person or by a person legal referred to in letters a), b) and c);
e) any natural person or legal person who has the citizenship of a Member State of the European Union or of Space European economic person who has established residence, residence habitual, the registered office or administration or the center of main activity in a Member State of the European Union, or which is in any case established there, if there are elements that indicate evasive behavior with respect to the application of discipline referred to in this decree. [...]
7-bis. For the purposes of exercising the special powers referred to in this article, the establishment of a company carrying out activities or holds one or more of the assets identified pursuant to the paragraph 1 or paragraph 1-ter is notified to the Presidency of the Council of the ministers within the terms and with the procedures set out herein article, if one or more members are outside the European Union pursuant to paragraph 5-bis, hold a share of the voting rights or of capital of at least 10 percent. 
[...]
Art. 2-quater (Measures to simplify procedures and pre-notification)
 1. By decree of the President of the Council of Ministers, [...] simplification measures can be identified notification, terms and procedures relating to the investigation for the purposes of the possible exercise of the powers referred to in articles 1, 1-bis and 2, without the need for a resolution by the Council of ministers, for the definition of procedures in case of failure exercise of special powers decided unanimously by the members of the coordination group, without prejudice in any case to the possibility for each administration and for the parties to ask to submit the examination of the notification to the Council of Ministers. 
2. The same decree referred to in paragraph 1 shall identify the method of submitting a pre-notification that allows examination by part of the coordination group, or in the cases referred to in paragraph 1 of the Council of Ministers, of operations, before the formal notification referred to in articles 1 and 2, in order to receive a preliminary assessment of the applicability of the aforementioned articles e on the authorization of the operation. [...]" (DECREE-LAW of 15 March 2012, n. 21, "Rules on the special powers over corporate assets in the sectors of defence and national security, as well as over the activities of strategic importance in the fields of energy, transport and communications", converted into law by LAW of 11 May 2012, n. 56; last amended by DECREE-LAW of 21 March 2022, n. 21 (modified by LAW 20 May 2022, n. 51); Article 2 [google translation])
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"Art. 4-bis - (Amendments to the regulation of special powers in the sectors of strategic relevance). [...]
3. Until the date of entry into force of the first decree of President of the Council of Ministers referred to in Article 2, paragraph 1-ter, of the decree-law of 15 March 2012, n. 21, [...] as replaced by the paragraph 1, letter c), number 3), of this article, without prejudice to the application of articles 1 and 2 of the aforementioned decree-law, as modified by this article, is subject to the notification referred to in paragraph 5 of article 2 of the same decree-law n. 21 of 2012 the purchase to any title of participations in societa 'that hold assets and relationships in the sectors referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1, letters a), b), c), d) and e), of Regulation (EU) 2019/452 [...], including in the financial sector the credit sectors e insurance, and, in the health sector, production, import and the wholesale distribution of medical devices, medical-surgical and individual protection.
3-bis. In order to counter the epidemiological emergency from COVID-19 and contain its negative effects, ((until 31 December 2021)) :
a) are subject to the notification obligation referred to in paragraph 2 of article 2 of the decree-law n. 21 of 2012, also the resolutions, acts or transactions, adopted by an enterprise that holds assets e relationships in the areas referred to in Article 4 (1) (a),
b), c), d) and e) of Regulation (EU) 2019/452, understood as included in the financial sector, the credit and insurance sectors, as well as the resolutions, acts or operations identified by decree of President of the Council of Ministers referred to in the aforementioned article 2,
paragraph 1-ter, of the decree-law n. 21 of 2012, which have for effect of changes in ownership, control or availability of said assets or the change of theirs destination; 
b) are subject to the notification obligation referred to in paragraph 5 of article 2 of the same decree-law n. 21 of 2012, in relation to the assets and relationships referred to in paragraph 1 of article 2, of the same decree-law n. 21 of 2012, as well as assets and relationships in the sectors indicated in letter a), or identified by decree of the President of the Council of Ministers referred to in the aforementioned article
2, paragraph 1-ter, of the decree-law n. 21 of 2012, including purchases for any reason of shareholdings, by foreign parties, also belonging to the European Union, of such significance as to determine the buyer's stable settlement in reason the assumption of control of the company whose participation is object of the purchase, pursuant to article 2359 of the civil code and of the consolidated act as per legislative decree no. 58, as well as the purchases of shareholdings by subjects foreigners not belonging to the European Union, which attribute a share of voting rights or capital equal to at least 10 per cent, taking into account the shares or quotas already directly or indirectly owned, when the total value of the investment is equal to or exceeding one million euros, and are also notified acquisitions that result in exceeding the thresholds of 15 per one hundred, 20 percent, 25 percent and 50 percent of the capital;
c) the provision referred to in Article 2, paragraph 6, letter a), of the decree-law n. 21 of 2012, also applies when the control provided therein is exercised by a public administration of a Member State of the European Union.[...]" (DECREE-LAW of 21 September 2019, n. 105, "Urgent provisions regarding the perimeter of national cyber security ((and the regulation of special powers in sectors of strategic importance))"; last amended by LAW of June 17, 2021, n. 87; Article 4-bis [google translation])
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"Art. 1
Identification of strategically relevant assets in the energy sector
1. For the purposes of exercising the special powers referred to in Article 2 of Legislative Decree No. 21 of 15 March 2012 , converted, with amendments, by Law No. 56 of 11 May 2012 , hereinafter referred to as: "Legislative Decree", the assets of strategic importance in the national energy system are identified in the energy networks of national interest, and in the related conventional relationships, listed in paragraph 2.
2. The assets referred to in paragraph 1 include:
a) national natural gas transport network and related compression stations and dispatching centres, as identified pursuant to Article 9 of Legislative Decree 23 May 2000, no. 164 , as well as gas storage facilities;
b) infrastructure for the supply of electricity and gas from other States, including onshore and offshore LNG regasification facilities;
c) national electricity transmission network and related control and dispatching systems;
d) management activities and essential properties connected to the use of the networks and infrastructures referred to in the previous letters a), b) and c).
Art. 2
Identification of strategically relevant assets in the transport sector
1. For the purposes of exercising the special powers referred to in Article 2 of the Legislative Decree, the networks and facilities of strategic importance for the transport sector are identified in the large networks and facilities of national interest, also intended to guarantee the main trans-European connections, and in the related conventional relationships, as identified in paragraph 2.
2. The following are included in the networks and systems referred to in paragraph 1:
a) ports of national interest;
b) airports of national interest;
c) national spaceports;
d) national railway network of relevance for the trans-European networks;
e) interports of national importance;
f) road and motorway networks of national interest.
Art. 3
Identification of strategically relevant assets in the communications sector
1. For the purposes of exercising the special powers referred to in Article 2 of the Legislative Decree, the assets of strategic importance in the communications sector are identified in the dedicated networks and in the public access network to end users in connection with metropolitan networks, service routers and long-distance networks, as well as in the systems used for the provision of access to end users of services falling within the universal service obligations and broadband and ultra-broadband services, and in the related contractual relationships, without prejudice to the provisions of Directive 2009/136/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 and Regulation (EU) No 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 .
2. The assets referred to in paragraph 1 include dedicated elements, even where the use is not exclusive, for connectivity (voice, data and video), security, control and management relating to fixed-location telecommunications access networks.
Art. 4
Scope of application of the special powers regulation
1. Without prejudice to the obligation to notify, the special powers referred to in Article 2 of the Legislative Decree and relating to this Regulation shall apply to the extent that the protection of the essential interests of the State provided for in the same Article 2, including those connected to adequate infrastructural development, is not adequately guaranteed by the existence of specific sector regulation, including of a conventional nature connected to a specific concession relationship. [...]" (Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers, 23 December 2020, n. 180, Articles, 1, 2, 3, and 4 [google translation])
----------------------
"Art. 1
Object
1. In implementation of paragraph 1-ter of Article 2 of Legislative Decree No. 21 of 15 March 2012 , converted, with amendments, by Law No. 56 of 11 May 2012 , this decree identifies, also pursuant to Article 15 of Legislative Decree No. 23 of 8 April 2020 , converted, with amendments, by Law No. 40 of 5 June 2020 , assets and relationships of strategic importance for the national interest, in addition to those identified in the decrees referred to in Article 1, paragraph 1, and Article 2, paragraph 1, of the same Legislative Decree No. 21 of 2012 , in the sectors referred to in Article 4, paragraph 1, of Regulation (EU) No. 2019/452 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 March 2019 , as well as the type of acts or transactions within the same group to which the provisions of the aforementioned Article 2, paragraph 1-ter do not apply.
Art. 2
Definitions
1. For the purposes of this decree:
(a) “critical infrastructure” means infrastructure that is essential for maintaining the vital functions of society, health, safety and the economic and social well-being of the population;
(b) "critical technologies" means technologies that are essential for the maintenance of the vital functions of society, the health, safety, economic and social well-being of the population, as well as for technological progress;
(c) "critical production factors" means the goods and relationships essential for maintaining the vital functions of society, the health, safety and economic and social well-being of the population;
(d) 'critical information' means information essential for the maintenance of the vital functions of society, the health, safety and economic and social well-being of the population;
(e) "economic activities of strategic importance" means economic activities that are essential for maintaining the vital functions of society, the health, safety, economic and social well-being of the population, as well as for technological progress.
[...]
Art. 3
Energy Sector Assets and Relationships
1. In the energy sector, the goods and relationships referred to in Article 1 are the following: [access full list via the sources]
[...]
Art. 4
Water Sector Assets and Relationships
1. In the water sector, the goods and relationships referred to in Article 1 are the following: [access full list via the sources]
[...]
Art. 5
Health sector assets and relationships
1. In the health sector, the goods and relationships referred to in Article 1, including the related intellectual property rights, are the following: [access full list via the sources]
[...]
Art. 6
Assets and relationships in the processing, storage and access and control of sensitive data and information
1. In the processing, storage and access to and control of sensitive data and information, the assets and relationships referred to in Article 1 are the following information, where critical pursuant to Article 2, letter d): [access full list via the sources]
[...]
Art. 8
Assets and relationships in the financial sector, including credit and insurance, and financial market infrastructure
1. In the financial sector, the assets and relationships referred to in Article 1 are the following: [access full list via the sources]
[...]
Art. 9
Assets and relationships in the fields of artificial intelligence, robotics, semiconductors, cybersecurity, nanotechnology and biotechnology
1. In the field of artificial intelligence, robotics, semiconductors, cybersecurity, nanotechnology and biotechnology, the goods and relationships referred to in Article 1 are the following technologies, including the related intellectual property rights: [access full list via the sources]" (Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers, 18 December 2020, n. 179, [google translation])
DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS 1 August 2022, n. 133, Article 7
DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS, 1 September 2022, n. 189  Articles 1, 2 and 3
Law No. 91 of 15 July 2022 [google translation]
DECREE-LAW of 15 March 2012, n. 21, "Rules on the special powers over corporate assets in the sectors of defence and national security, as well as over the activities of strategic importance in the fields of energy, transport and communications", converted into law by LAW of 11 May 2012, n. 56; as amended by DECREE-LAW of 21 March 2022,  n. 21 (modified by LAW 20 May 2022, n. 51); Article 2 
DECREE-LAW of 21 September 2019, n. 105, "Urgent provisions regarding the perimeter of national cyber security ((and the regulation of special powers in sectors of strategic importance))"; as amended by LAW of June 17, 2021, n. 87; Article 4-bis
Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers, 23 December 2020, n. 180, Articles, 1, 2, 3, and 4
Decree of the President of the Council of Ministers, 18 December 2020, n. 179, Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9
[<a href="https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2022/09/09/22G00138/sg">Decree</a>],[<a href="https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2022/12/06/22G00196/sg">Decree</a>],[<a href="Decree-Law">Lawhttps//www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2022/07/15/22G00104/sg</a>],[<a href="Law">https//www.normattiva.it/esporta/attoCompleto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2012-03-15&atto.codiceRedazionale=012G0040</a>],[<a href="Decree-Law">https//www.normattiva.it/atto/caricaDettaglioAtto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2022-05-20&atto.codiceRedazionale=22G00061&atto.articolo.numero=0&atto.articolo.sottoArticolo=1&atto.articolo.sottoArticolo1=10&qId=7b34e965-7d57-4830-8dc5-50d234a037c9&tabID=0.7945984903350383&title=lbl.dettaglioAtto</a>],[<a href="Decree">http//www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urnnirstatodecreto.legge2019-09-21;105!vig=2021-08-19</a>],[<a href="Decree">https//www.normattiva.it/esporta/attoCompleto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2020-12-30&atto.codiceRedazionale=20G00200</a>],[<a href="">https//www.normattiva.it/esporta/attoCompleto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2020-12-30&atto.codiceRedazionale=20G00199</a>]