Foreign communication and press agencies may establish in Madagascar subject to reciprocity.
"Article One.- For the purposes of this Code, the following terms mean: [...]
40- Press organ: company that provides journalistic elements drawing its main resource from this data.
[...]
TITLE II - THE PRINCIPLE OF FREE MOVEMENT
SOME INFORMATION [...]
Article 8.- Any natural or legal person of Malagasy nationality or of foreign nationality residing on the national territory, has the right to transmit and receive, to undertake, to create communication and information services.
[...]
CHAPTER III
Press organs
Article 106.- Any press organ must comply with national legislation relating to the creation of businesses.
Article 107.- Foreign communication and press agencies may establish themselves in Madagascar subject to reciprocity and in accordance with the conditions provided for in this Code.
[...]
CHAPTER II - Of the radio and television broadcasting service for private use [...]
Article 126.- National audiovisual coverage is reserved for public radio and television stations.
Article 127.- The activities authorized under this Code are of a commercial or non-commercial nature.
Any natural or legal person under Malagasy private law may apply for and be authorized to create, install and operate a private radio and television broadcasting service, to distribute radio or television broadcasts by any technical medium and to use radio frequencies or other  regulated techniques.
However, private radio stations cannot broadcast on short wave.[...]" (Law n°2016-029 of 14/07/2016 on the mediated communication code [google translation])
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"Article 126. National coverage is recognized for all public and private media subject to their switch to the DTT transmission mode and the related legislation. Their specifications determine the authorized means of transmission and dissemination.
Private radio and television stations choose between seven (07) themes, namely education, information, sport, entertainment, art and culture, economy and music. A license corresponds to a theme.
The allocation of licenses for each theme is done through a call for tenders.[...]" (Law n°2016-029 of 14/07/2016 on the mediated communication code, as amended by Law n°2020-006 [google translation])
Law n°2016-029 of 14/07/2016 on the mediated communication code [google translation]
Law n°2016-029 of 14/07/2016 on the mediated communication code, as amended by Law n°2020-006 [google translation]
[<a href="http://www.justice.mg/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/L2016-029.pdf">Law</a>],[<a href="https://www.assemblee-nationale.mg/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Loi-n%C2%B02020-006_Comm_-m%C3%A9diatis%C3%A9e.pdf">Amendment</a>]