From 1 June 2014 to 11 February 2019: ownership of agricultural land (except land with an area less than 2 000 m2 outside the built-up area of the municipality) could only be transferred to:
a) a person who carried out agricultural production as a business for at least 3 years before the date of conclusion of the contract on the transfer of ownership of agricultural land in the municipality in which the agricultural land is located,
b) co-owner of agricultural land, if it is a co-ownership share according to special regulations, 
c) a close person according to § 116 of the Civil Code and a related person according to § 117 of the Civil Code.
[only in accordance with a specific procedure] d) a person who has been a permanent resident or registered office in the Slovak Republic for at least 10 years and carries out agricultural production as a business for at least 3 years before the date of conclusion of the contract on transfer of ownership of agricultural land 
- in a municipality adjacent to the municipality in which the transferred agricultural land is located, or
- regardless of the place of business.
In addition, the acquisition of agricultural land by foreigners is subject to reciprocity. The reciprocity requirement does not apply to EU/EEA/Swiss nationals and EU/EEA/Swiss-incorporated companies.
Hence, real estate investment in agricultural land is prohibited (for all investors, both domestic and foreign). Foreign acquisition of agricultural land for business purposes requires incorporation or reciprocity, and 10 years prior residency in the Slovak Republic and 3 years prior agricultural production business (or 3 years prior agricultural production business in the municipality where the agricultural land is located).
"§ 2 Agricultural land
(1) Unless paragraph 2 provides otherwise, for the purposes of this Act, agricultural land shall mean agricultural land or land built up for construction purposes for agricultural purposes until 24 June 1991.
(2) It is not considered to be agricultural land under this Act
a) garden,
b) land in the built-up area of ​​the village, 
c) land outside the built-up area of ​​the municipality, if
1. is intended for non-agricultural use according to special regulations, 
2. the possibility of its agricultural use is limited according to special regulations, 
3. its area is less than 2 000 m 2 ,
4. it is adjacent to the building, with which its location and use form a functional unit.
[...]
§ 4 Procedure for the transfer of ownership of agricultural land
(1) The owner or another person entitled to transfer ownership of agricultural land (hereinafter referred to as the "transferor") may, without using the procedure under paragraphs 3 to 10 and under § 5 and 6 , transfer agricultural land
a) a person who carries out agricultural production 9 ) as a business for at least three years before the date of conclusion of the contract on the transfer of ownership of agricultural land in the municipality in which the agricultural land is located,
b) co-owner of agricultural land, if it is a co-ownership share according to special regulations, 10 )
c) a close person according to § 116 of the Civil Code and a related person according to § 117 of the Civil Code .
(2) The transferor may transfer ownership of agricultural land to a person other than the person referred to in paragraph 1 only in accordance with the procedure under paragraphs 3 to 8 and pursuant to Sections 5 and 6 .
(3) The transferor is obliged to publish an offer for the transfer of ownership of agricultural land for at least 15 days in the Register of Publication of Offers for the Transfer of Ownership of Agricultural Land (hereinafter "register") on the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of the Slovak Republic (hereinafter "ministry"). publish the offer at the same time on the official notice board in the municipality where the agricultural land is located. Publication of the offer on the official notice board is free of charge.
(4) A person entitled to acquire ownership of agricultural land is a person who has been a permanent resident or registered office in the Slovak Republic for at least ten years and carries out agricultural production as a business for at least three years before the date of conclusion of the contract on transfer of ownership of agricultural land (hereinafter "acquirer").
a) in a municipality adjacent to the municipality in which the transferred agricultural land is located, or
b) regardless of the place of business.
(5) If, after the publication of the offer pursuant to paragraph 4 letter a) the acquirer from the municipality where the offered agricultural land is registered is interested, he has priority over the acquirer from the neighboring municipality when accepting the offer. Preference shall also apply to tenders under paragraph 4 (a). b) the acquirer from the municipality and in the second order the acquirer from the neighboring municipality before the acquirer, regardless of the place of business.
(6) The transferor may extend the offer for persons pursuant to paragraph 4 letter (b) if no acquirer under paragraph 4 (a) (a) has not expressed an interest in acquiring ownership of the agricultural land, nor has the transferor transferred ownership of the agricultural land offered by him.
(7) If a person fulfilling the conditions under paragraph 4 does not show interest in the transfer of ownership of agricultural land or the transfer of agricultural land does not take place, the transferring agricultural land may transfer for the price or value according to § 5 par. 1 letter d) to a person who has had a permanent residence or registered office in the territory of the Slovak Republic for at least ten years, but no later than six months from the unsuccessful completion of the tender procedure pursuant to paragraph 6.
(8) The procedure and conditions referred to in paragraphs 3 to 6 shall also apply to the gratuitous transfer by donation of agricultural land.
(9) Under the same conditions as the acquirer, a natural person who carries out agricultural production for at least three years before the date of conclusion of a contract for the transfer of agricultural land in an employment relationship, a similar employment relationship or another employment relationship with a person carrying out agricultural land may acquire ownership of agricultural land. production as a person under paragraph 1 (a) (a) or business.
(10) Per person according to paragraph 1 letter (a) who is a young farmer, 11 ) or an acquirer who is a young farmer, 11 ) the provision on the obligation to carry out agricultural production as a business for at least three years shall not apply. A young farmer may not lease, sell or donate agricultural land for three years from the acquisition of ownership of the agricultural land.
[...]
§ 7 Prohibition on the acquisition of ownership of agricultural land
(1) The state, a citizen of the state, a natural person residing or a legal person domiciled in a state whose legal system does not allow citizens of the Slovak Republic, natural persons residing in the Slovak Republic or legal persons domiciled in the Slovak Republic may not acquire ownership of agricultural land. land; this does not apply to the inheritance of agricultural land.
(2) The provision of paragraph 1 shall not apply to the states of the European Union, the European Economic Area, Switzerland or the states for which this results from an international agreement by which the Slovak Republic is bound; the provision shall not apply to their nationals or to natural or resident or legal persons established in those States. [...]" (Act on the acquisition of ownership of agricultural land (140/2014 Coll.), as amended by Act no. 125/2016 Coll. of 18 November 2015, §§ 2, 4 and 7 [google translation])
Act on the acquisition of ownership of agricultural land (140/2014 Coll.), as amended by Act no. 125/2016 Coll. of 18 November 2015, §§ 2, 4 and 7
[<a href="https://www.slov-lex.sk/static/SK/ZZ/2014/140/20160701.html">Act</a>]