{ "dataflow": "OECD.GOV.GIP.DSD_QDD_GOV_INFRA_2023@DF_GOV_INFRA_2023", "dataset_title": "Governance of infrastructure - 2023", "dataset_description": "

The 2023 OECD Survey on the Governance of Infrastructure looks at infrastructure governance arrangements and practices related to asset performance throughout its life and climate-resilient infrastructure across OECD countries.\n \t

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About this questionnaire

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The content of the 2023 database was collected using an online questionnaire and a glossary was also provided to guide respondents.\n\t

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The 2023 dataset provides information on the following topics:

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A composite indicator was developed using the first three parts of the survey corresponding to the pillar on management of asset performance throughout its life of the OECD Recommendation on the Governance of Infrastructure (available here). The 2023 database comprises responses from 33 OECD countries1 and the data refers only to central/federal government practices during the survey implementation (from November 2023 until July 2024). However, due to difficulties in data collection at the federal level in Belgium, data is only available for Flanders. Respondents were predominantly senior officials in the central/federal ministries of infrastructure, public works and finance, as well as in infrastructure agencies and other line ministries. The content of the database draws heavily upon self-reporting from governments representing the country’s own assessment of current practices and procedures.\n

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Preliminary results were presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the OECD Network of Senior Infrastructure and PPP Officials in April 2024. \n\t

\n\n1 For 2023, data for Israel, Latvia, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Slovenia are not available.
", "fields": { "REF_AREA": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "REF_AREA", "label": "Reference area", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_AREA" }, "FREQ": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "FREQ", "label": "Frequency of observation", "description": "Time interval at which observations occur over a given time period.", "codelist": "CL_FREQ" }, "MEASURE": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "MEASURE", "label": "Measure", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_MEASURE_QDD_INFRA_2023" }, "TIME_PERIOD": { "type": "time", "label": "Time period", "description": "Observation time period" }, "OBS_STATUS": { "type": "attribute", "concept": "OBS_STATUS", "label": "Observation status", "description": "Information on the quality of a value or an unusual or missing value.", "codelist": "CL_OBS_STATUS" }, "UNIT_MULT": { "type": "attribute", "concept": "UNIT_MULT", "label": "Unit multiplier", "description": "Exponent in base 10 specified so that multiplying the observation numeric values by 10^UNIT_MULT gives a value expressed in the unit of measure.", "codelist": "CL_UNIT_MULT" }, "OBS_VALUE": { "type": "measure", "concept": "OBS_VALUE", "label": "Observation value", "description": "Value of a particular variable." } }, "codelists": { "CL_MEASURE_QDD_INFRA_2023": { "Q_MC_Q1": "In order to calculate life cycle costs, does your country include the following?", "Q_MC_Q1-SQ001": "Upfront costs for purchasing a new asset or related resource, such as land", "Q_MC_Q1-SQ002": "Costs incurred to operate the service (such as service payments, lease payments, personnel costs which would not otherwise be incurred)", "Q_MC_Q1-SQ003": "Preparatory costs related to undertaking the project, such as economic analysis, feasibility studies and obtaining environmental approvals", "Q_MC_Q1-SQ004": "Expenditure required across the life cycle for maintenance and renewals", "Q_MC_Q1-SQ005": "Decommissioning and disposal costs", "Q_MC_Q1-SQ006": "No", "Q_LR_Q2": "Does your country apply any of the following concepts when determining the lifespan (in years) of an asset?", "Q_LC_Q3": "Does your country provide financial (e.g., co-financing arrangements) or non-financial (e.g., methodologies, tools or guidance) support to promote the calculation of life cycle costs of infrastructure projects?", "Q_LC_Q4": "Does your country include sustainability savings (e.g., lower energy consumption, social and environmental impact such as climate change) in order to calculate life cycle costs?", "Q_LC_Q5": "Are there mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the realisation of estimated benefits throughout the infrastructure life cycle?", "Q_LC_Q6": "Does your country quantify the ex post impact of infrastructure projects on one or several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?", "Q_LR_Q7": "Is it a standard practice to factor life cycle costs (including operation and maintenance costs) in the appraisal and selection of infrastructure projects?", "Q_LR_Q8": "Does your country require Asset Management Plans under law or regulation?", "Q_MCC_Q9": "Does your country set compulsory sectoral requirements (e.g., in law or regulation) that infrastructure providers must follow on any of the following?", "Q_MCC_Q9-SQ001": "Design standards (e.g., specifications for how assets need to be maintained in order to meet standards, such as for resilience or low emissions)", "Q_MCC_Q9-SQ002": "Quality of inputs (e.g., whether construction materials and other inputs to asset maintenance comply with standards, such as each input’s amount of embodied carbon emissions)", "Q_MCC_Q9-SQ003": "Service quality levels (e.g., levels at which assets must perform to serve citizens, such as traffic volume numbers, quantity of sewerage flow)", "Q_MCC_Q9-SQ004": "No", "Q_LR_Q10": "Do design standards specify life cycle cost optimisation?", "Q_MCC_Q11": "Does your country set compulsory general requirements (e.g., in law or regulation) that infrastructure providers must follow on any of the following?", "Q_MCC_Q11-SQ001": "Environmental efficiency (e.g., measures of environmental performance, such as capacity to renew biodiversity, air quality, noise volume output, soil quality measures, etc.)", "Q_MCC_Q11-SQ002": "Emissions output (please specify the type of emissions and the life cycle stages concerned i.e., operational and/or embodied)", "Q_MCC_Q11-SQ003": "Resilience", "Q_MCC_Q11-SQ004": "Performance monitoring (e.g., oversight and monitoring of the performance of assets against performance standards)", "Q_MCC_Q11-SQ005": "No", "Q_MCC_Q12": "Does your country provide non-binding sectoral guidelines to infrastructure providers on any of the following?", "Q_MCC_Q12-SQ001": "Design standards (e.g., specifications for how assets need to be maintained in order to meet standards, such as for resilience or low emissions)", "Q_MCC_Q12-SQ002": "Quality of inputs (e.g., whether construction materials and other inputs to asset maintenance comply with standards, such as each input’s amount of embodied carbon emissions)", "Q_MCC_Q12-SQ003": "Service quality levels (e.g., levels at which assets must perform to serve citizens, such as traffic volume numbers, quantity of sewerage flow)", "Q_MCC_Q12-SQ004": "No", "Q_MCC_Q13": "Does your country provide non-binding general guidelines to infrastructure providers on any of the following?", "Q_MCC_Q13-SQ001": "Environmental efficiency (e.g., measures of environmental performance, such as capacity to renew biodiversity, air quality, noise volume output, soil quality measures, etc.)", "Q_MCC_Q13-SQ002": "Emissions output (please specify the type of emissions and the life cycle stages concerned i.e., operational and/or embodied)", "Q_MCC_Q13-SQ003": "Resilience", "Q_MCC_Q13-SQ004": "Performance monitoring (e.g., oversight and monitoring of the performance of assets against performance standards)", "Q_MCC_Q13-SQ005": "No", "Q_LC_Q14": "Is asset performance continually monitored against predefined service delivery targets and expected outcomes?", "Q_LC_Q15": "Does your country use InfraTech solutions to monitor asset performance?", "Q_MC_Q15a": "Which InfraTech solutions does your country use to monitor asset performance?", "Q_MC_Q15a-SQ001": "Building Information Modelling", "Q_MC_Q15a-SQ002": "Digital Twins", "Q_MC_Q15a-SQ003": "Robotics and unmanned aerial vehicles (e.g., drones)", "Q_MC_Q15a-SQ004": "None", "Q_LC_Q16": "Does your country use predictive maintenance to extend the life of the asset while ensuring efficient budget allocation?", "Q_LC_Q17": "Do infrastructure providers complete demand forecasting under a range of future scenarios?", "Q_LC_Q18": "Does your country use demand management strategies and/or non-built solutions (e.g., user charges, peak-period pricing, congestion charges, water meters, investment in prevention of crime or health issues) to respond to changes in infrastructure demand?", "Q_LR_Q19": "Does your country require infrastructure providers to publicly report on a consistent set of asset management measures, which are subject to external audit or scrutiny?", "Q_MC_Q20": "On which of the following criteria is your infrastructure audited during its operational life?", "Q_MC_Q20-SQ001": "Legal and financial compliance (e.g., whether asset management practices comply with legal and financial regulations)", "Q_MC_Q20-SQ002": "Financial performance", "Q_MC_Q20-SQ003": "Non-financial performance (e.g., service quality targets, sustainability criteria)", "Q_MC_Q20-SQ004": "None", "Q_LC_Q21": "Does your country require infrastructure providers to undertake and publicly report on the results of a periodic independent asset management maturity review/assessment?", "Q_LR_Q22": "Are fixed asset registers maintained or consolidated centrally?", "Q_LR_Q23": "Are fixed asset registers verified and updated at least every two years?", "Q_MC_Q24": "Does your country collect the following types of data about asset management at least every 2 years?", "Q_MC_Q24-SQ001": "Asset condition data", "Q_MC_Q24-SQ002": "Asset performance data", "Q_MC_Q24-SQ003": "Financial data", "Q_MC_Q24-SQ004": "Maintenance data", "Q_MC_Q24-SQ005": "None of the above", "Q_MC_Q25": "If your country collects any type of data about asset management listed in the previous question, please specify how the information is used.", "Q_MC_Q25-SQ001": "Make it available to infrastructure owners to inform long-term planning, asset management and maintenance needs", "Q_MC_Q25-SQ002": "Analyse the overall quality and quantity of the country’s infrastructure stock", "Q_MC_Q25-SQ003": "Inform budgeting processes and financial analysis", "Q_MC_Q25-SQ004": "Provide the private sector with visibility of future capital investment and maintenance opportunities", "Q_MC_Q25-SQ005": "Make it available for public consumption", "Q_MC_Q25-SQ006": "None of the above", "Q_MCC_Q26": "What opportunities exist in your country that are freely available for asset managers to upskill in the most recent asset maintenance methods and techniques? Please specify if these opportunities are sector-specific, the sectors concerned, and the topics covered.", "Q_MCC_Q26-SQ001": "On-the-job training", "Q_MCC_Q26-SQ002": "Formal learning (e.g., university, training institute, other education provider)", "Q_MCC_Q26-SQ003": "Opportunities to share best practice organised by professional bodies", "Q_MCC_Q26-SQ004": "None", "Q_MCC_Q27": "What opportunities exist in your country that are freely available for asset managers to learn about recent changes to policy, regulation and standards? Please specify if these opportunities are sector-specific, the sectors concerned, and the topics covered.", "Q_MCC_Q27-SQ001": "On-the-job training", "Q_MCC_Q27-SQ002": "Formal learning (e.g., university, training institute, other education provider)", "Q_MCC_Q27-SQ003": "Opportunities to share best practice organised by professional bodies", "Q_MCC_Q27-SQ004": "None", "Q_LC_Q28": "Does your country have a mechanism to report the financial value of physical assets and liabilities?", "Q_MC_Q29": "Are the following assets and liabilities included in the financial reporting?", "Q_MC_Q29-SQ001": "Buildings", "Q_MC_Q29-SQ002": "Infrastructure assets, excluding PPPs", "Q_MC_Q29-SQ003": "PPP assets and liabilities", "Q_MC_Q29-SQ004": "No", "Q_LR_Q30": "Are the financial data of physical assets and liabilities (e.g., amortised cost, depreciation) reported regularly updated?", "Q_LR_Q31": "Are the financial data of physical assets and liabilities reported made public?", "Q_LC_Q32": "Are the financial data of physical assets and liabilities reported used for funding or investment planning for asset maintenance?", "Q_LR_Q33": "Does your country require infrastructure providers to identify current and planned funding shortfalls, including identifying funding (or other) strategies for how shortfalls will be addressed?", "Q_MC_Q34": "Are the following funding instruments available to support investment in infrastructure maintenance?", "Q_MC_Q34-SQ001": "Grants and subsidies", "Q_MC_Q34-SQ002": "New forms or applications of taxes (e.g., environmental taxes, tourism taxes, taxes allocated to transport projects)", "Q_MC_Q34-SQ003": "User charges and fees", "Q_MC_Q34-SQ004": "Land value capture instruments (e.g., developer obligations, transferable development rights, property taxes)", "Q_MC_Q34-SQ005": "Long-term revenue generation from existing assets (e.g., asset leasing, asset recycling)", "Q_MC_Q34-SQ006": "None of the above", "Q_LC_QS1": "Does your country have a national strategy or policy document that aims to improve resilience of infrastructure (e.g., national adaptation strategy)?", "Q_LC_QS2": "Does your country use climate-informed feasibility studies to ensure projects are designed and engineered to address anticipated climate-related risks (e.g., physical risks such as water scarcity, increased storm intensity, heat impacts, transition risks such as the impact of resource efficiency, use of low-emission technologies or renewable energy) over various time horizons?", "Q_MCC_QS3": "Does your country have mechanisms for management and reporting of climate-related risks (e.g., physical risks such as water scarcity, increased storm intensity, heat impacts, transition risks such as the impact of resource efficiency, use of low-emission technologies or renewable energy) during construction, operations and maintenance?", "Q_MCC_QS3-SQ001": "Yes, during the construction stage", "Q_MCC_QS3-SQ002": "Yes, during the operations and maintenance stage", "Q_MCC_QS3-SQ003": "No", "Q_MCC_QS4": "Does your country have methodologies and/or guidelines to assess, quantify, or measure climate-related costs and benefits, including realised savings from enhanced resilience during construction, operations and maintenance?", "Q_MCC_QS4-SQ001": "Yes, during the construction stage", "Q_MCC_QS4-SQ002": "Yes, during the operations and maintenance stage", "Q_MCC_QS4-SQ003": "No", "Q_LC_QS5": "Does your country have methodologies for valuing and monetising the costs and benefits of disaster resilience (e.g., user-related costs, injury/loss of life, repair/reinstatement, environment, essential services, indirect impacts such as impacts to non-users, disaster preparedness, wider economic benefits) in infrastructure projects?", "Q_LC_QS6": "Does your country use assessment methodologies to conduct comparative assessments based on climate resilience* between alternative infrastructure solutions (e.g., grey infrastructure solution compared with green and/or hybrid infrastructure solutions)?", "Q_MCC_QS7": "Has your country established climate resilience outcomes for infrastructure assets and networks?", "Q_MCC_QS7-SQ001": "Yes, within sectors", "Q_MCC_QS7-SQ002": "Yes, at the central level (across sectors)", "Q_MCC_QS7-SQ003": "Yes, at sub-national levels", "Q_MCC_QS7-SQ004": "No", "Q_LR_QS8": "Does your country have in place a process for reporting on the progress made and results achieved on the climate resilience outcomes for infrastructure assets and networks referred to in the previous question?", "Q_LC_QS9": "Does your country provide and require professional training on the latest standards and methods of resilient engineering designs amongst public works professionals (e.g., standards for protection from seismicity, floods, landslips, cyber attacks, terrorism and other forms of risk events; methods for designing infrastructure assets that can withstand, to an agreed level, the impact of such risk events)?" } } }