Patent statistics and indicators are suitable for tracking innovation in environment-related technologies. They allow the assessment of countries' innovation performance as well as the design of governments' environmental and innovation policies.
\nThis dataset presents indicators on patents derived from the other patent datasets (international collaborations, technology development and technology diffusion).
\nFor more information on the methodology, click the link below on "Database documentation"
\nData source(s): OECD, STI Micro-data Lab: Intellectual Property Database, http://oe.cd/ipstats
\nContact: ENV.Stat@oecd.org
\nDataset release date: March 12, 2025
\n", "fields": { "REF_AREA": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "REF_AREA", "label": "Reference area", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_AREA" }, "FREQ": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "FREQ", "label": "Frequency of observation", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_FREQ" }, "UNIT_MEASURE": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "UNIT_MEASURE", "label": "Unit of measure", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_UNIT_MEASURE" }, "TYPE": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "TYPE", "label": "Type of patent counting", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_TYPE_PAT_IND" }, "TECH": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "TECH", "label": "Technological domain", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_TECH_PAT" }, "PAT": { "type": "dimension", "concept": "PAT", "label": "Regional patent office", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_PAT_PAT_DIFF" }, "TIME_PERIOD": { "type": "time", "label": "Time period", "description": "Observation time period" }, "OBS_STATUS": { "type": "attribute", "concept": "OBS_STATUS", "label": "Observation status", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_OBS_STATUS" }, "UNIT_MULT": { "type": "attribute", "concept": "UNIT_MULT", "label": "Unit multiplier", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_UNIT_MULT" }, "DECIMALS": { "type": "attribute", "concept": "DECIMALS", "label": "Decimals", "description": "", "codelist": "CL_DECIMALS" }, "OBS_VALUE": { "type": "measure", "concept": "OBS_VALUE", "label": "Observation value", "description": "" } }, "codelists": { "CL_TYPE_PAT_IND": { "DEV": "Development of environment-related technologies", "DIFF": "Diffusion of environment-related technologies", "COL": "International collaboration in development of environment-related technologies", "RENEW": "Development of renewable energy technologies" }, "CL_TECH_PAT": { "NA": "Not available", "TOT": "All technologies (total patents)", "ENV_PAT": "Environment-related technologies", "MAN": "Environmental management", "CCM": "Climate change mitigation", "MAN_AIR": "Air pollution abatement", "MAN_AIR_ST": "Emissions abatement from stationary sources (e.g. SOx, NOx, PM emissions from combustion plants)", "MAN_AIR_MO": "Emissions abatement from mobile sources (e.g. NOx, CO, HC, PM emissions from motor vehicles)", "MAN_AIR_NC": "Air pollution abatement - Not elsewhere classified", "MAN_WAT": "Water pollution abatement", "MAN_WAT_TR": "Water and wastewater treatment", "MAN_WAT_FE": "Fertilizers from wastewater", "MAN_WAT_OIL": "Oil spill and pollutant clean-up", "MAN_WA": "Waste management", "MAN_WA_SO": "Solid waste collection", "MAN_WA_MA": "Material recovery, recycling and re-use", "MAN_WA_FE": "Fertilizers from waste", "MAN_WA_IN": "Incineration and energy recovery", "MAN_WA_WA": "Waste management – Not elsewhere classified", "MAN_SO": "Soil remediation", "MAN_MO": "Environmental monitoring", "ENE": "Climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution", "WAT_WASTE": "Climate change mitigation technologies related to wastewater treatment or waste management", "ICT": "Climate change mitigation in information and communication technologies (ICT)", "ENE_RE": "Renewable energy generation", "WAT_WASTE_TREAT": "Wastewater treatment", "ENE_RE_WI": "Wind energy", "ENE_RE_SO": "Solar thermal energy", "ENE_RE_PV": "Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy", "ENE_RE_SOPV": "Solar thermal-PV hybrids", "ENE_RE_GEO": "Geothermal energy", "ENE_RE_MA": "Marine energy, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient", "ENE_RE_HY": "Hydro energy", "ENE_FUEL": "Energy generation from fuels of non-fossil origin", "WAT_WASTE_WASTE": "Solid waste management", "ENE_FUEL_BIO": "Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel", "ENE_FUEL_WA": "Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel", "WAT_WASTE_WASTE_TR": "Waste collection, transportation, transfer or storage", "WAT_WASTE_WASTE_SEP": "Waste processing or separation", "WAT_WASTE_WASTE_FILL": "Landfill technologies aiming to mitigate methane emissions", "WAT_WASTE_ORG": "Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse", "WAT_WASTE_REC": "Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies", "WAT_WASTE_REC_DIS": "Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly", "WAT_WASTE_REC_MET": "Waste management of vehicles", "WAT_WASTE_REC_CD": "Construction or demolition [C&D] waste", "WAT_WASTE_REC_GL": "Glass recycling", "WAT_WASTE_REC_PL": "Plastics and rubber recycling", "WAT_WASTE_REC_PA": "Paper recycling", "WAT_WASTE_REC_FIB": "Disintegrating fibre-containing textile articles to obtain fibres for re-use", "WAT_WASTE_REC_FAT": "Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes", "WAT_WASTE_REC_WOOD": "Recycling of wood or furniture waste", "WAT_WASTE_REC_PACK": "Packaging reuse or recycling, e.g. of multilayer packaging", "WAT_WASTE_REC_ELEC": "Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment (WEEE)", "WAT_WASTE_REC_BAT": "Recycling of batteries or fuel cells", "WAT_WASTE_REC_NUC": "Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete", "ENE_COM": "Combustion technologies with mitigation potential (e.g. using fossil fuels, biomass, waste, etc.)", "ENE_NUC": "Nuclear energy", "ENE_COM_OUT": "Technologies for improved output efficiency (combined heat and power, combined cycles, etc.)", "ENE_NUC_FU": "Nuclear fusion reactors", "ENE_COM_INP": "Technologies for improved input efficiency (efficient combustion or heat usage)", "ENE_NUC_FI": "Nuclear fission reactors", "ENE_TE": "Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution", "ENE_TE_SU": "Superconducting electric elements or equipment", "ENE_TE_SG": "Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector", "ENE_TE_NC": "Not elsewhere classified", "ENE_ENA": "Enabling technologies (technologies with potential or indirect contribution to GHG emission mitigation)", "WAT_WASTE_GHG": "Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation", "ICT_EE": "Energy efficient computing", "ENE_ENA_STO": "Energy storage", "ENE_ENA_STO_BA": "Batteries", "ENE_ENA_STO_CA": "Capacitors", "ENE_ENA_STO_MEC": "Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids", "ENE_ENA_STO_TH": "Thermal energy storage", "ENE_ENA_HY": "Hydrogen technology", "ENE_ENA_CE": "Fuel cells", "ENE_ENA_HV": "High-voltage direct current transmission", "ENE_OTHER": "Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions", "ICT_CN": "Energy efficiency in communication networks", "ENE_NEC": "Not elsewhere classified", "WAT_WASTE_NEC": "Not elsewhere classified", "ICT_NEC": "Not elsewhere classified", "GHG": "Capture, storage, sequestration or disposal of greenhouse gases", "GHG_N20": "Capture or disposal of nitrous oxide (N2O)", "GHG_CH4": "Capture or disposal of methane (CH4)", "GHG_PFC_HFC_SF6": "Capture or disposal of perfluorocarbons (PFC), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) or sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)", "GHG_CO2": "Capture or disposal of carbon dioxide (CO2)", "GHG_NEC": "Not elsewhere classified", "TRA": "Climate change mitigation technologies related to transportation", "TRA_RO": "Road transport", "TRA_RO_CO": "Conventional vehicles (based on internal combustion engine)", "TRA_RO_HY": "Hybrid vehicles", "TRA_RO_EL": "Electric vehicles", "TRA_RO_EF": "Fuel efficiency-improving vehicle design (common to all road vehicles)", "TRA_RA": "Rail transport", "TRA_AIR": "Aeronautics or air transport", "TRA_MA": "Maritime or waterways transport", "TRA_EN": "Enabling technologies in transport", "TRA_EN_EL": "Electric vehicle charging", "TRA_EN_CE": "Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells", "TRA_NEC": "Not elsewhere classified", "BUILD": "Climate change mitigation technologies related to buildings", "BUILD_INT": "Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings", "BUILD_ENE": "Energy efficiency in buildings", "BUILD_ENE_LIGHT": "Energy efficient lighting", "BUILD_ENE_HVAC": "Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]", "BUILD_ENE_LIFT": "Energy efficient elevators, escalators and moving walkways, e.g. energy saving or recuperation technologies", "BUILD_ENE_APP": "Energy efficiency in home appliances", "BUILD_ENE_END": "End-user side", "BUILD_ARC": "Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings", "BUILD_ENA": "Enabling technologies in buildings", "BUILD_NEC": "Not elsewhere classified", "GOODS": "Climate change mitigation technologies in the production or processing of goods", "GOODS_MET": "Technologies related to metal processing", "GOODS_MET_GHG": "Reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions", "GOODS_PROC": "Process efficiency", "GOODS_CHEM": "Technologies relating to chemical industry", "GOODS_CHEM_PROC": "Process efficiency in chemical industry", "GOODS_CHEM_FEED": "Feedstock", "GOODS_CHEM_GHG": "Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2", "GOODS_CHEM_CHL": "Improvements relating to chlorine production", "GOODS_CHEM_ADI": "Improvements relating to adipic acid or caprolactam production", "GOODS_CHEM_HCFC_22": "Improvements relating to fluorochloro hydrocarbon, e.g. chlorodifluoromethane [HCFC-22] production", "GOODS_CHEM_BULK": "Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals", "GOODS_OIL": "Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry", "GOODS_OIL_BIO": "Bio-feedstock", "GOODS_OIL_ETH": "Ethylene production", "GOODS_MIN": "Technologies relating to the processing of minerals", "GOODS_MIN_CEM": "Production of cement", "GOODS_MIN_LIME": "Production or processing of lime", "GOODS_MIN_GLASS": "Glass production", "GOODS_MIN_CER": "Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements", "GOODS_AGR": "Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries", "GOODS_AGR_RENEW": "Using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping", "GOODS_AGR_SAVE": "Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses", "GOODS_AGR_GHG": "Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture", "GOODS_AGR_LAND": "Land use policy measures", "GOODS_AGR_AFF": "Afforestation or reforestation", "GOODS_AGR_LIVE": "Livestock or poultry management", "GOODS_AGR_FISH": "Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming", "GOODS_AGR_FOOD": "Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking", "GOODS_PROD": "Technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products", "GOODS_SEC": "Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications", "GOODS_MIT": "Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to GHG emissions mitigation", "GOODS_NEC": "Not elsewhere classified", "ADAPT": "Climate change adaptation technologies", "ADAPT_COAST": "Adaptation at coastal zones or river basin", "ADAPT_COAST_HARD": "Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters", "ADAPT_COAST_DUNE": "Dune restoration or creation; cliff stabilisation", "ADAPT_COAST_REEF": "Artificial reefs or seaweed; restoration or protection of coral reefs", "ADAPT_COAST_FLOOD": "Flood prevention; flood or storm water management", "ADAPT_COAST_CON": "Controlling, monitoring or forecasting", "ADAPT_WATRES": "Water resource management", "ADAPT_WATRES_DEM": "Demand-side technologies (water conservation)", "ADAPT_WATRES_SUP": "Supply-side technologies (water availability)", "ADAPT_WATRES_DEM_IN": "Indoor water conservation", "ADAPT_WATRES_SUP_DES": "Water desalination", "ADAPT_WATRES_DEM_IRR": "Irrigation water conservation", "ADAPT_WATRES_SUP_COL": "Water collection (rain, surface and ground-water)", "ADAPT_WATRES_SUP_ST": "Water storage and distribution", "ADAPT_WATRES_SUP_FIL": "Water filtration; Water and wastewater treatment", "ADAPT_WATRES_DEM_THE": "Water conservation in thermoelectric power production", "ADAPT_WATRES_SUP_PRO": "Protecting water resources", "ADAPT_INF": "Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation", "ADAPT_INF_EXT": "Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems", "ADAPT_INF_THE": "Structural elements or technology for improving thermal insulation", "ADAPT_INF_HVAC": "Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies", "ADAPT_INF_TR": "In transportation", "ADAPT_INF_URB": "Planning or developing urban green infrastructure", "ADAPT_AGR": "Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agro-alimentary production", "ADAPT_AGR_AGR": "In agriculture", "ADAPT_AGR_ECO": "Ecological corridors or buffer zones", "ADAPT_AGR_FOOD": "In food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation", "ADAPT_AGR_LIVE": "In livestock or poultry", "ADAPT_AGR_FISH": "In fisheries management", "ADAPT_HEALTH": "Adaptation technologies in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather", "ADAPT_HEALTH_AIR": "Air quality improvement or preservation", "ADAPT_HEALTH_DIS": "Against vector-borne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change", "ADAPT_IND": "Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change", "ADAPT_NEC": "Not elsewhere classified", "ADAPT_IND_ICT": "Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation", "ADAPT_IND_WAT": "Assessment of water resources", "ADAPT_IND_SPEC": "Monitoring or fighting invasive species", "OCEAN": "Sustainable ocean economy", "OCEAN_REN": "Ocean renewable energy generation", "OCEAN_POL": "Ocean pollution abatement", "OCEAN_TR": "Climate change mitigation in maritime transport", "OCEAN_FISH": "Climate change mitigation and adaptation in fishing, aquaculture and aquafarming", "OCEAN_DES": "Desalination of sea water", "OCEAN_COAST": "Climate change adaptation in coastal zones", "OCEAN_REN_WIND": "Offshore wind energy", "OCEAN_REN_SOLAR": "Offshore solar energy", "OCEAN_REN_TIDE": "Tide, wave, current and other marine energy", "OCEAN_POL_BAL": "Ballast water treatment", "OCEAN_POL_OIL": "Oil spill (and other floating debris) prevention and cleanup", "OCEAN_TR_VES": "Improved vessel design", "OCEAN_TR_FUEL": "Fuel-efficient propulsion or fuel substitution", "FOSSIL": "Fossil fuel technologies", "UPSTREAM": "Upstream technologies", "PROC_DOWN": "Processing and downstream technologies", "TRA_DIS": "Transmission and distribution technologies", "CONV": "Conventional oil and gas exploratation and extraction", "UNCOV": "Unconventional oil and gas exploration and extraction", "COAL": "Coal and solid fuels exploration and mining", "OIL_REF": "Oil refining", "GAS_CON": "Gas conditioning", "SOL_CON": "Solid Fuel conditioning", "COAL_GAS": "Coal to Gas", "TO_LIQ": "Coal to Liquids and gas to liquids", "HYDR": "Hydrogen fuel production", "PIPES": "Gas fuel pipelines", "SHIP_FUEL": "Liquid fuel tanker shipping", "SHIP_GAS": "Liquified gaseous fuel shipping", "SHIP_GAS_C": "Compressed gaseous fuel shipping", "SHIP_SOL": "Solid fuel shipping", "ROAD_LIQ": "Road tanker liquid fuels transport", "ROAD_GAS": "Road tanker gaseous fuels transport", "RAIL_LIQ": "Rail tanker liquid fuels transport", "RAIL_GAS": "Rail tanker gaseous fuels transport", "RAIL_SOL": "Rail solid fuels transport", "UND_LIQ": "Underground liquid fuels storage", "UND_GAS": "Underground gaseous fuel storage", "TANK_LIQ": "Stationary tank storage for liquids", "TANK_GAS": "Stationary tank storage for gases", "STORE_SOL": "Solid fuel storage", "LIQ_DIS": "Liquid fuel distribution (gas stations)", "GAS_DIS": "Gaseous fuel distribution", "PIPES_LIQ": "Liquid fuel pipelines" }, "CL_PAT_PAT_DIFF": { "WIPO": "International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization", "OAPI": "African Intellectual Property Organization", "EAPO": "Eurasian Patent Organization", "ARIPO": "African Regional Industrial Property Organisation", "EPO": "European Patent Office", "GCC": "Patent Office of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf", "PCT": "Patent Cooperation Treaty", "_Z": "Not applicable" } } }